Insecticides for the control of the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.), and the red-legged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tuck), and their effects of population numbers

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
MMH Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Subsequent Effect ◽  
Insecticidal Treatment ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Mammalian Toxicity ◽  
Residual Action ◽  
Population Numbers

Experiments are described which demonstrate effective insecticidal treatments for the control of the lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (L.), and the red-legged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tuck.). As dual purpose insecticides, malathion/DDT, malathioli/lindane, and endrin all gave excellent results. The lower cost and lower mammalian toxicity of malathion/ DDT favour this mixture, which is now recommended for field use. Also effective against the lucerne flea were dieldrin, chlorthion, and "Diazinon". Lindane and "Dilan" gave good controlof the red-legged earth mite, but DDT was superior to both. None of the materials used for the control of the lucerne flea had an effective residual action, so that careful attention to the time of application of the insecticides was essential for optimum results. Treatment within 3-5 weeks of the rains which initiate hatching of the oversummering eggs is recommended. Eradication was not achieved by any of the treatments. The subsequent effect of insecticidal treatment on the population density of both pests is discussed. The numerical changes which followed the application of insecticides suggest that density-governing factors play an important part in the regulation of the numbers of both species.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of the inclusion of thermoelectric ash in asphalt mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e28101018564
Author(s):  
Igor Nonato Almeida Pereira ◽  
Newton Paulo de Souza Falcão ◽  
Consuelo Alves da Frota
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Good Technique ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost

The replacement of conventional materials used in hot asphalt mixtures with others of good technique and lower cost and environmental impact has motivated research in this area of knowledge in recent decades. The researches should be expanded in the scope of engineering, given that it contributes considerably to the transformation of spaces and raw material. In this context, thermoelectric ashes, which are residues from the production of electric energy, appear as an alternative to replace the stone powder input which contributes negatively to the environment considering that it comes from the blasting of rocks. This work aims to compare the cost of producing traditional asphalt concrete (reference) to asphalt compositions containing 5,15% of alternative material characterized by stone dust. There was a saving of R$ 0.21 per ton of AC machining, consisting of thermoelectric ash as a partial substitute (5.15%) for stone powder, which represents significant savings in a practical context.

scholarly journals Hempseeds (Cannabis spp.) as a source of functional food ingredients, prebiotics and phytosterols

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Grigoriev ◽  
Ksenia Illarionova ◽  
Tatiana Shelenga
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
History Of Agriculture ◽  
Polyhydric Alcohols ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
History Of ◽  
Materials Used

The history of agriculture gives evidence that hemp have been cultivated by farmers near the northern border of agriculture for seed and oil. Nowadays, hemp is a focus of interest as a source of prebiotics and functional food ingredients. This study was aimed at the evaluation of physiologically active metabolomic compounds in the seed of thirty-three Cannabis spp. accessions, representing industrial dual-purpose (fiber and seed), universal, breeding materials used for food, ruderal and recreational landraces grown the Northwest of Russia. Amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, polyhydric alcohols, phytosterols and phytol in seeds were measured. The maximum of linoleic acid reached 4379.41 mg 100 g-1, linolenic acid 427.72, oleic acid 1711.19, polysaccharides 13111.28, polyhydric alcohols 2138.38, and sitosterol 79.36. Ruderal hemp was found abundant in phytol (3.46 mg 100 g-1). The food seed/oil material contained the maximum of campesterol and sitosterol. The evaluated hemp accessions may be used as sources of physiologically active and safe ingredients of healthy food and phytosterols as well as in breeding programs to develop hempseed cultivars.

Estimating lobster recruitment and exploitation rate from landings by weight and numbers and age-specific weights

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McGarvey ◽  
J. M. Matthews ◽  
J. H. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Exploitation Rate ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Population Numbers

Aprocedure is presented for incorporating catch totals by both weight and numbers in stock assessment. Their ratio is the weight of an average harvested individual which, in turn, reflects mean mortality rate. The model is age-based and requires, as input, a vector of average age-specific weights in the catch. The model developed for the South Australian rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery assumes steady state, constant fishing mortality on all age classes and a natural mortality rate equal to 0·1. Also explicit are reduced vulnerability of recruitment-aged lobsters and incidental mortality of lobsters below the legal minimum size. The solution yields estimates of average exploitation rate and yearly recruitment. These give (absolute) age-specific population numbers in the fishable stock. Exploitation rates were estimated for statistical reporting blocks in South Australia using this catch weight–numbers (qR) method and, for comparison, that of Beverton and Holt employing mean length. Each method was also tested with simulated data, the former yielding estimates of lower variance and bias. In practice, counting individuals captured is likely to require less time and to yield lower measurement error than measuring lengths. This method thus offers the possibility for improved precision and accuracy at lower cost.

Rate and Time of Bentazon/Atrazine Application for Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan S. Hamill ◽  
Jianhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Intermediate Rate ◽  
Range Of Variation

The effects of herbicide–adjuvant combinations and times of application on weed density and corn yield were determined in a 3-yr field study. At a given rate and time of application of bentazon/atrazine, Assist and Merge were equally effective adjuvants. Assist would be the adjuvant of choice for bentazon/atrazine rather than Merge because of its currently lower cost. Weed density depended on the rate and time of application of bentazon/atrazine. In general, bentazon/atrazine applied at early stages (7 d after emergence) of the development of corn seedlings or at high or intermediate rate (1.6 or 0.8 kg ai/ha) maintained low weed densities, with a relatively small range of variation over years. Delay in time (14 or 21 d after emergence) or reduction in herbicide rate (0.4 kg ai/ha) increased the risk of high weed pressure, although it was not always associated with yield loss. The best time for the application of postemergence herbicide appears to be a few days prior to the onset of the critical period of weed control.

DFAM Based Multi-Material 3D Printing Using Conductive and Flexible Filaments

2018 ◽  
Vol 786 ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Kutuniva ◽  
Jarmo Mäkikangas ◽  
Aappo Mustakangas ◽  
Timo Rautio ◽  
Jani Kumpula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Smart Products ◽  
Material Printing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Principles Of Design ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Economical Alternative

The focus of this study was to test a low-cost level plastic printer in the multi-material printing application using principles of design for additive manufacturing (DFAM). Two sample structures were designed in the project. One of the main planning principles of the examples was to integrate multiple functions into one part and intelligently utilize a variety of materials and reduce parts count. The most common material used in the experiments was the basic PLA, which is widely used, easy-to-print and economical alternative. As special materials, electrically conductive PLA-based graphene filament and highly flexible polyurethane-based filament was used. The results show that multi-material printing is also possible with lower cost devices and it makes it easier for smart products to be manufactured cost-effectively. It has also been found that multi-material printing can be technically challenging and that further research and experiments in this subject are needed. In the future, the research topic will be even more interesting as equipment and materials will develop. This paper presents detailed printing parameters for all the materials used in the printing tests.

scholarly journals Grazing and Cutting under Different Nitrogen Rates, Application Methods and Planting Density Strongly Influence Qualitative Traits and Yield of Canola Crop

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Sajjad Zaheer ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Kashif Akhtar ◽  
Ahmad Khan ◽  
Aziz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Qualitative Traits ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Additional Income

Canola crop has the potential for both seeds and grazing. Optimal planting density, time of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and rates are the major aspects for successful qualitative traits and canola yield formation. In this content, optimization of planting density, N levels and its time of application in dual purpose canola are needed. This study was carried out in RCB design with split pot arrangement having three repeats during winter 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. The study evaluated N levels (120 and 80 kg N ha−1), cutting treatment, N application timings and planting density (20 and 40 plants m−2) effects on qualitative traits and yield of canola. No-cut treatment had 7.02%, 2.46%, and 4.26% higher, glucosinolates, oil, and protein content with 31.3% and 30.5% higher biological and grain yield respectively, compared with grazed canola. Compared with no-cut canola, grazed canola resulted in 7.74% of higher erucic acid. Further, application of N at 120 kg N ha−1 had 8.81%, 5.52%, and 6.06% higher glucosinolates, percent protein, and seed yield, respectively than 80 kg N ha−1. In-addition, the application of N into two splits was most beneficial than the rest application timings. Cutting had 15% reduction in grain yield of canola and fetched additional income of 143.6 USD compared with no-cut. Grazing resulted in a 23% reduction in grain yield while had additional income of 117.7 USD from fodder yield. Conclusively, the application of N in two splits at 120 kg N ha−1 combined with 20 plants m−2 is a promising strategy to achieve good qualitative attributes and canola yield under dual purpose system.

scholarly journals Use of Dicyclopentadiene and Methyl Dicyclopentadiene for the Synthesis of Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3135
Author(s):  
Alexandre Perrot ◽  
Jan Hyršl ◽  
Jan Bandžuch ◽  
Simona Waňousová ◽  
Jiří Hájek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polyester Resins ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester Resins ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Materials Used

Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) modified unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) are mostly used for hulls, decks, and bathroom facilities. Main advantages of these polymers over orthophthalic or isophthalic polyesters are their relatively low shrinking, reduced styrene emission, lower cost, and fast curing in thin layers. On the other hand, once cured, these materials are more brittle and have lower glass transition temperatures and lower chemical resistance due to their different chemical constitutions. DCPD UPRs with standard grades are usually produced with high-quality DCPD (over a 85% purity) using the so-called “water process”, a synthesis consisting of two reaction steps. An adduct of maleic anhydride with DCPD is firstly formed with water, and then, it reacts with the other esterification monomers such as acids and glycols. DCPD raw materials used in this study were prepared by a unique distillation process developed by ORLEN Unipetrol and University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague. This technology allows producing a wide spectrum of DCPD quality by adjusting the content of another norbornene dimer: methyl dicyclopentadiene (MeDCPD). The influence of MeDCPD on unsaturated polyester properties was examined throughout this study. It has been discovered that in low concentrations, MeDCPD had a slight influence on flexural mechanical properties whereas its concentrations up to 65% led to a softer and brittle material. Nevertheless, by adjusting the unsaturation degree, it has been shown that MeDCPD may be successfully implanted in UPR formulation.

Seed treatment with systemic insecticides for the control of red-legged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor)

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
MMH Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Systemic Insecticides ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Residual Action ◽  
Pea Seed

Successful control of the red-legged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tuck.) (Acarina : Eupodidae) was achieved by treating subterranean clover, vetch, and pea seed with systemic insecticides before sowing. The most satisfactory measure of dosage was the quantity of insecticide per unit area of seed surface. Residual action in peas for up to one month after sowing was achieved with dimethoate, metyl demeton, phorate powder, and phorate liquid at dosages of 0.3, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 grams per .square metre of seed surface respectively. A t these dosages, seedling emergence of peas was reduced by two to seven per cent. Phorate inhibited the germination of cereals to a greater extent than it did legumes. These insecticides may kill the nodulating bacteria of legumes and this is a potential difficult in their use. Dimethoate appeared to be less toxic than either methyl demeton or phorate. Stimulation of bacterial growth can also occur at certain dosages. This problem needs further investigation.

Deformation Replication

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Very High

Tool materials used in ultramicrotomy are glass, developed by Latta and Hartmann (1) and diamond, introduced by Fernandez-Moran (2). While diamonds produce more good sections per knife edge than glass, they are expensive; require careful mounting and handling; and are time consuming to clean before and after usage, purchase from vendors (3-6 months waiting time), and regrind. Glass offers an easily accessible, inexpensive material ($0.04 per knife) with very high compressive strength (3) that can be employed in microtomy of metals (4) as well as biological materials. When the orthogonal machining process is being studied, glass offers additional advantages. Sections of metal or plastic can be dried down on the rake face, coated with Au-Pd, and examined directly in the SEM with no additional handling (5). Figure 1 shows aluminum chips microtomed with a 75° glass knife at a cutting speed of 1 mm/sec with a depth of cut of 1000 Å lying on the rake face of the knife.

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