scholarly journals The Twin Instrument: Fertility and Human Capital Investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3090-3139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Bhalotra ◽  
Damian Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
True Parameter ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Investments In Children ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Twin births are often used as an instrument to address selection of women into fertility. However, recent work shows selection of women into twin birth such that, while OLS estimates tend to be downward biased, twin-IV estimates will tend to be upward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that fertility has limited impacts on women’s labour supply, or on investments in children. Using data for developing countries and the United States to estimate the trade-off between fertility and children’s human capital, we demonstrate the nature and size of the bias in the twin-IV estimator and estimate bounds on the true parameter.

scholarly journals The risk-return trade-off in human capital investment

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Christiansen ◽  
Juanna Schröter Joensen ◽  
Helena Skyt Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Risk Return

scholarly journals Metropolitan governance structure and growth–inequality dynamics in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewoo Cho ◽  
Jae Hong Kim ◽  
Yonsu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Metropolitan Governance ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Nonlinear Fashion

While much scholarly attention has been paid to ways in which metropolitan areas are politically structured and operated to achieve a dual goal, economic growth, and equality, relatively less is known about the complex relationship between metropolitan governance structures and growth–inequality dynamics. This study investigates how and to what extent metropolitan governance structures shape regional economic growth and inequality trajectories using data for 267 US metropolitan areas from 1990 to 2010. Findings from a two-stage least squares regression analysis suggest that economic growth is associated with governance structures in a nonlinear fashion, with relatively more rapid growth rates in both highly centralized and decentralized metropolitan areas. However, these regions are also found to experience a larger increase in income inequality, indicating an important trade-off to be considered carefully in exploring ways to reform existing governance settings. These findings further suggest that the so-called growth–inequality trade-off may exist not only in their direct interactions but through their connections via governance or other variables.

Intellectual Capital Investment, Stakeholders' Value, Firm Market Value and Financial Performance: The Case of Tunisia Stock Exchange

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedia Fourati ◽  
Habib Affes
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Market Valuation ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of intellectual capital investment in improving the firm's market value, stakeholders' value and financial performance. Using data drawn from 21 listed companies in Tunisia Stock Exchange, we conducted two studies. On one hand, from using Charreaux (Charreaux (2006). La valeur partenariale: Vers une mesure opérationnelle. Cahier de FARGO no. 1061103, November) measure of stakeholders' value, we demonstrate that financials come to present the weakest stakeholders' value and clients monopolises in term of value acquisition due to a weak ability of negotiation of firms. On the other hand, we construct a regression model of Pulic's value added intellectual capital investment (VAIC) as the measure of the value added from intellectual capital, in market valuation and financial performance. Our results stressed the fact that there is a positive impact of intellectual capital by human capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency on improving firm's market value. Nevertheless, financial performance measured by ROA is still justified by the traditional measure relying on capital employed efficiency. Indeed for Tunisian quoted firms, human capital investment is a pilar for ameliorating firm market valuation of financial performance.

Organized Interests and Agenda Setting in the U.S. Supreme Court

1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Caldeira ◽  
John R. Wright
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Amicus Curiae ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Selection Of

Participation as amicus curiae has long been an important tactic of organized interests in litigation before the U.S. Supreme Court. We analyze amicus curiae briefs filed before the decision on certiorari and assess their impact on the Court's selection of a plenary docket. We hypothesize that one or more briefs advocating or opposing certiorari increase the likelihood of its being granted. We test this hypothesis using data from the United States Reports and Briefs and Records of the United States Supreme Court for the 1982 term. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the presence of amicus curiae briefs filed prior to the decision on certiorari significantly and positively increases the chances of the justices' binding of a case over for full treatment—even after we take into account the full array of variables other scholars have hypothesized or shown to be substantial influences on the decision to grant or deny.

scholarly journals O Brother, Where Start Thou? Sibling Spillovers on College and Major Choice in Four Countries*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Altmejd ◽  
Andrés Barrios-Fernández ◽  
Marin Drlje ◽  
Joshua Goodman ◽  
Michael Hurwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
College Major ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Choice ◽  
College Experiences ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Older Siblings ◽  
Older Sibling

Abstract Family and social networks are widely believed to influence important life decisions, but causal identification of those effects is notoriously challenging. Using data from Chile, Croatia, Sweden, and the United States, we study within-family spillovers in college and major choice across a variety of national contexts. Exploiting college-specific admissions thresholds that directly affect older but not younger siblings’ college options, we show that in all four countries a meaningful portion of younger siblings follow their older sibling to the same college or college-major combination. Older siblings are followed regardless of whether their target and counterfactual options have large, small, or even negative differences in quality. Spillover effects disappear, however, if the older sibling drops out of college, suggesting that older siblings’ college experiences matter. That siblings influence important human capital investment decisions across such varied contexts suggests that our findings are not an artifact of particular institutional detail but a more generalizable description of human behavior. Causal links between the postsecondary paths of close peers may partly explain persistent college enrollment inequalities between social groups, and this suggests that interventions to improve college access may have multiplier effects.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Transmission of Abilities and Self Selection of Mexican Immigrants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Caponi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Selection Of

Building on Borjas (1993) I develop an intergenerational model of self-selection of migration and education that allows for a more complex selection mechanism. In particular, it allows for the possibility that immigrants are selected differently depending on the schooling level they choose. As in Mayer (2005) I assume that agents are endowed with two abilities and use the intergenerational structure of the model to infer potential earnings of a person for different levels of education and in different countries. This makes it possible to quantify the ability or self selection bias of estimates of the return to education and migration. The model is estimated using data on Mexicans in the US from the CPS and on Mexicans residents in Mexico from the Mexican census. The findings are that there is a significant loss of human capital faced by immigrants that is not transmitted to their children. While immigrants are observed to earn less because they find it difficult to adapt their skills to the host country, their children earn more because they can inherit all the abilities of their parents, including that part that could not be used for producing earnings. Moreover, Mayer (2005) proves that the positive correlation between the two abilities creates a positive correlation between parentsÕ earnings and the probability that children attend college. In this paper, I find that this result is reinforced for migrants when they care about their children. In the case of immigrants, parents with larger amounts of intellectual ability tend to migrate more and tend to choose to remain high school educated. However, they migrate with the expectation of their children becoming college educated. Therefore, measures that rely on the earnings performance and educational attainment of immigrants underestimate the amount of human capital they bring into the host country.

Attitudes, Beliefs, Intentions, and Metaphors Over Time and in Place

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-156
Author(s):  
Michael J. Camasso ◽  
Radha Jagannathan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Human Capital Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Individual Achievement ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 6 provides the results from the descriptive and multivariate analyses of family member responses to attitude and belief questions regarding trust, redistributive justice, human capital investment, centrality of work, intentions to work, risk-taking, cooperative attitudes/intentions, and individual achievement. The importance of metaphorical meaning is also addressed. Employing ordinary least squares, binomial, and multinomial logit regressions, the authors find that trust, risk-taking, cooperative attitudes, and individual achievement are consequential in distinguishing families in Sweden, Italy, the United States, and India. They also find strong generational effects with millennials expressing significantly different attitudes and beliefs than those of their grandparents on redistributive justice, human capital investment, the centrality of work, risk-taking, and individual achievement. They find little evidence to support the utility of cultural metaphors, as defined by Gannon and associates, as an emic device to capture cultural value orientation.

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