Using Tax Incentives to Conserve and Enhance Biodiversity in Europe. By CLARE SHINE [Strasbourg, Council of Europe Publishing, 2005, 110 pp, ISBN 9287157804, Paperback,  13] * Species at Risk: Using Economic Incentives to Shelter Endangered Species on Private Lands. Edited by JASON F. SHOGREN [Austin, University of Texas Press, 2005, ix + 271 pp, ISBN 029270576X, Hardback, $50; ISBN 0292705972, Paperback, $21.95]

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
C. T. Reid
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
University Of Texas

scholarly journals Takings, Compensation and Endangered Species Protection on Private Lands

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Innes ◽  
Stephen Polasky ◽  
John Tschirhart
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
The Public ◽  
Species Preservation ◽  
Endangered Species Protection

Preserving endangered species on private land benefits the public, but may confer cost on landowners if property is 'taken.' Government compensation to landowners can offset costs, although the Endangered Species Act does not require compensation. The authors survey private economic incentives for species preservation created by alternative property rights and compensation regimes. Compensation will effect investments in land and the willingness of landowners to collect and impart information about their land's preservation value. The authors also address government incentives and how deadweight costs of compensation will influence design of property rights, and how government's susceptibility to interest group pressure may cause inefficient preservation.

scholarly journals Common–interest community agreements on private lands provide opportunity and scale for wildlife management

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Powell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Private Lands

Private lands are critical to conservation planning for wildlife, worldwide. Agriculture subsidies, tax incentives, and conservation easements have been successfully used as tools to convert cropland to native vegetation. However, uncertain economies threaten the sustainability of these incentives. The wildlife management profession is in need of innovative models that support effective management of populations. I argue that biologists should consider the option of facilitating the development of private reserves to reduce the dependence of conservation on public investment. Private reserves can be enhanced by creating common–interest communities, which reduce the problem posed by limited size of individual properties. Cross–property agreements between landowners can provide economic incentives through forms of ecotourism, energy production, and/or enhanced agricultural production. I share two case studies that demonstrate how cross–property agreements may be beneficial to landowner’s finances and conservation of diverse wildlife communities, as well as providing an efficient structure for NGOs and management agencies to engage and support landowners.

scholarly journals Protecting biodiversity in British Columbia: Recommendations for developing species at risk legislation

FACETS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana R. Westwood ◽  
Sarah P. Otto ◽  
Arne Mooers ◽  
Chris Darimont ◽  
Karen E. Hodges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Species At Risk Act ◽  
Species Declines

British Columbia has the greatest biological diversity of any province or territory in Canada. Yet increasing numbers of species in British Columbia are threatened with extinction. The current patchwork of provincial laws and regulations has not effectively prevented species declines. Recently, the Provincial Government has committed to enacting an endangered species law. Drawing upon our scientific and legal expertise, we offer recommendations for key features of endangered species legislation that build upon strengths and avoid weaknesses observed elsewhere. We recommend striking an independent Oversight Committee to provide recommendations about listing species, organize Recovery Teams, and monitor the efficacy of actions taken. Recovery Teams would evaluate and prioritize potential actions for individual species or groups of species that face common threats or live in a common area, based on best available evidence (including natural and social science and Indigenous Knowledge). Our recommendations focus on implementing an adaptive approach, with ongoing and transparent monitoring and reporting, to reduce delays between determining when a species is at risk and taking effective actions to save it. We urge lawmakers to include this strong evidentiary basis for species recovery as they tackle the scientific and socioeconomic challenges of building an effective species at risk Act.

scholarly journals Conserving plant species at risk in Canada: land tenure, threats, and representation in federal programs

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 538-550
Author(s):  
J.L. McCune ◽  
Peter D.S. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Federal Land ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Fully 37% of species listed under Canada’s Species at Risk Act (SARA) are plants or lichens. The law does not automatically protect species on private land, and it is unknown how many at-risk plants grow mainly on private land. We analyzed official status reports and related documents for 234 plant species at risk to determine land tenure and evaluated differences in threats and changes in status. We also assessed how well plants were represented in two federal programs: the Natural Areas Conservation Program (NACP) and the Habitat Stewardship Program (HSP). Of SARA-listed plant species, 35% have the majority of their known populations on private land while <10% occur mostly on federal land. Species growing mainly on private land were no more or less likely to decline in status over time compared with others. Plant species at risk were less likely than other taxonomic groups to be found on land protected under the NACP. The proportion of HSP projects targeting plants is well below the expected proportion based on the number of listed species. We recommend that policy-makers promote and prioritize actions to increase the representation of plant species in federally funded programs, especially on private lands.

scholarly journals Manitoba's declining Piping Plover population and the importance of special conservation areas

Blue Jay ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
J. Paul Goossen ◽  
Ken Porteous
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Piping Plover ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Charadrius Melodus ◽  
Conservation Areas

Many endangered species have a spotty distribution where local and even entire provincial populations can blink in and out depending on varying habitat and climatic conditions. a challenge for wildlife managers is to decide how long to continue protecting an area for a species at risk when it no longer uses the area. Such could be the case in manitoba for habitat no longer used by the beach-nesting Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus), listed as endangered both provincially and nationally

Protecting Endangered Species in the US and Canada: The Role of Negative Lesson Drawing

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Illical ◽  
Kathryn Harrison
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Endangered Species Act ◽  
Species At Risk Act ◽  
Lesson Drawing

Abstract. Although the US and Canada share ecosystems, with many species ranging freely across the border, the two countries have taken very different approaches to protecting endangered species. The US Endangered Species Act, adopted in 1973, relies primarily on regulation, thus imposing the costs of protecting biodiversity on the private sector. In contrast, Canada's Species at Risk Act, adopted in 2002, relies primarily on public expenditures to support stewardship programs. We argue that this difference is best explained by negative lesson drawing from the US experience. In particular, awareness of the costs of species protection in the US led Canadian business to present stronger opposition to regulation than had their American counterparts decades earlier. We use the case of the Canadian Species at Risk Act to theorize about conditions under which negative lesson drawing is likely to be most influential.Résumé. Bien que les États-Unis et le Canada partagent les mêmes écosystèmes, les deux pays ont adopté des approches très différentes en matière de protection des espèces en péril. La Loi américaine sur les espèces en péril (US Endangered Species Act), adoptée en 1973, porte essentiellement sur la régulation, et de ce fait impose les coûts de la protection de la biodiversité au secteur privé. En revanche, la Loi canadienne sur les espèces en péril, adoptée en 2002, fait principalement retomber les coûts des programmes de gestion au secteur public. Nous démontrons que cette différence s'explique principalement par le rôle des leçons négatives apprises de l'expérience des États-Unis. La prise de conscience des coûts liés à la protection des espèces en péril aux États-Unis a notamment amené les milieux d'affaires canadiens à présenter une plus forte opposition à la régulation que leurs homologues américains l'avaient fait des années plus tôt. En s'appuyant sur le cas de la Loi canadienne sur les espèces en péril, nous visons à théoriser les conditions selon lesquelles l'acquisition de connaissance par leçons négatives (“ negative lesson drawing ”) est susceptible d'être le plus concluant.

scholarly journals The Basics of Species at Risk Legislation in Alberta

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Fluker ◽  
Jocelyn Stacey
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Federal Lands ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Species At Risk Act

This article examines Alberta’s Wildlife Act and the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) to assess the legal protection of endangered species in Alberta. Most of the discussion relates to provisions contained in SARA, as there is comparatively less to discuss under the Wildlife Act. The fact that legal protection for endangered species in Alberta consists primarily of federal statutory rules is unfortunate, as wildlife and its habitat are by and large property of the provincial Crown, and it is a general principle of constitutional law that the federal government cannot in substance legislate over provincial property under the guise of a regulatory scheme. The legal protections in SARA are, thus, for the most part restricted to species found on federal lands and to species that fall under federal legislative powers. This article demonstrates that the Alberta government has chosen to govern species at risk almost entirely by policy and discretionary power. The limited application of federal protections to provincial lands and the absence of meaningful protection in the Wildlife Act leads the authors to conclude that, despite a perception of legal protection for endangered species, such protection does not exist in Alberta.

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