Color Preference for Host-Seeking Activity of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Ho Jung ◽  
Dongmin Kim ◽  
Ki-Suck Jung ◽  
Dong-Kyu Lee
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
B Value ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
L Value

Abstract A cue for long-range vision allows mosquitoes to identify hosts and differentiate the ecological niches (e.g., habitats). However, the visual factors involved in attracting mosquitoes to a host are complex and have not been fully understood. Therefore, we assessed color preference to Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex pipiens (Conquillett) as diurnal and nocturnal species, respectively, using seven fundamental colors including black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, and purple with each trap at 100 lux in a laboratory. We used a binary behavioral assay using the Mosquito Preference Index (MPI) as a preference ratio with a range of 0–1. Our analyses showed that Ae. albopictus had a greater response to black (MPIs, 0.7), followed closely by red, blue, and purple (MPIs, 0.6). We also found that red, blue, and purple were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of green (MPI, 0.5), white (MPI, 0.3), and yellow (MPI, 0.2). Similarly, the MPIs for Cx. pipiens were significantly higher at black and red (MPIs, 0.7; P < 0.05) compare to those of white and yellow (MPIs, 0.3; P < 0.05). The color preference of Ae. albopictus showed significant correlation to luminous intensities (L-value) (r = −0.640; P = 0.000) and blue intensities (b-value) (r = −0.372; P = 0.000) for all seven colors. In addition, Cx. pipiens negatively correlated (r = −0.703; P = 0.000) between color preference and L-value. Our analyses provide a greater understanding of how color plays a role in visual sensory stimuli, and how that could potentially affect mosquito host-seeking behavior.

scholarly journals Effect of Dinotefuran, Permethrin, and Pyriproxyfen (Vectra® 3D) on the Foraging and Blood-Feeding Behaviors of Aedes albopictus Using Laboratory Rodent Model

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Younes Laidoudi ◽  
Djamel Tahir ◽  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Marie Varloud ◽  
Oleg Mediannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Feeding Effect ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
And Control

Dinotefuran-Permethrin-Pyriproxyfen (DPP) is used to kill and repel mosquitoes from dogs. However, the influence of the product on the host-seeking behavior of mosquitoes remains unknown. The interference of DPP with the host selection of unfed female Aedes albopictus was investigated. A total of 18 animals (9 mice and 9 rats) were divided into three groups of six animals each. DU: DPP treated rats (n = 3) with untreated mice (n = 3), UD: DPP treated mice (n = 3) with untreated rats (n = 3) and control UU: untreated mice (n = 3) and untreated rats (n = 3). In each group, the rats and mice were placed 30 cm apart. After sedation, the animals in each group were exposed twice (Day 1 and Day 7 post-treatment) for one hour to 71 ± 3 female mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were categorized after the 2-h post-exposure period as dead or alive. Blood-meal origin was determined from mosquitoes using a newly customized duplex qPCR. The highest values of forage ratio (1.36 ≥ wi ≤ 1.88) and selection index (0.63 ≥ Bi ≤ 0.94) for rat hosts indicates a preference of mosquitoes for this species as compared to mice when co-housed during the exposure. The mosquitoes only seldom fed on mice, even in the untreated group. The anti-feeding effect of DPP was therefore only assessed on rat’s hosts. The results showed that DPP, when directly applied on rats, provided a direct protection of 82% and 61% on Day 1 and Day 7, respectively, while when applied on mice hosts (UD), the DPP provided an indirect protection of 21% and 10% on Day 1 and Day 7, respectively. The results showed also that DPP, when applied on rats, provided a direct protection against Ae. albopictus bites. This effect did not result in increased exposure of the untreated host placed in the same cage at a distance of 30 cm.

scholarly journals A field-based modeling study on ecological characterization of hourly host-seeking behavior and its associated climatic variables in Aedes albopictus

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Yin ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Xiang Guo ◽  
Rangke Wu ◽  
Benyun Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Modeling Study

Abstract Background The global spread of mosquito-borne diseases (MBD) has presented increasing challenges to public health. The transmission of MBD is mainly attributable to the biting behaviors of female mosquitoes. However, the ecological pattern of hourly host-seeking behavior in Aedes albopictus and its association with climatic variables are still not well understood, especially for a precise requirement for establishing an effective risk prediction system of MBD transmission. Methods Mosquito samples and data on mosquito hourly density and site-specific climatic variables, including temperature, relative humidity, illuminance and wind speed, were collected simultaneously in urban outdoor environments in Guangzhou during 2016–2018. Kernel regression models were used to assess the temporal patterns of hourly host-seeking behavior in mosquito populations, and negative binomial regression models in the Bayesian framework were used to investigate the associations of host-seeking behavior with climatic variables. Results Aedes albopictus was abundant, constituting 82% (5569/6790) of the total collected mosquitoes. Host-seeking behavior in Ae. albopictus varied across time and was significantly influenced by climatic variables. The predicted hourly mosquito densities showed non-linear relationships with temperature and illuminance, whereas density increased with relative humidity but generally decreased with wind speed. The range of temperature estimates for female biting was 16.4–37.1 °C, peaking at 26.5 °C (95% credible interval: 25.3–28.1). During the favorable periods, biting behavior of female Ae. albopictus was estimated to occur frequently all day long, presenting a bimodal distribution with peaks within 2–3 h around both dawn and dusk (05:00–08:00 h and 16:00–19:00 h). Moreover, a short-term association in hourly density between the females and males was found. Conclusions Our field-based modeling study reveals that hourly host-seeking behavior of Ae. albopictus exhibits a complex pattern, with hourly variation constrained significantly by climatic variables. These findings lay a foundation for improving MBD risk assessments as well as practical strategies for vector control. For instances of all-day-long frequent female biting during the favorable periods in Guangzhou, effective integrated mosquito control measures must be taken throughout the day and night.

Strain-Specific Differences in Mating, Oviposition, and Host-Seeking Behavior Between Wolbachia-Infected And Uninfected Aedes albopictus

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsanun Wiwatanaratanabutr ◽  
Sandra Allan ◽  
Kenneth Linthicum ◽  
Pattamaporn Kittayapong
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior

scholarly journals Original article. Biting behavior of Malaysian mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus Skuse, Armigeres kesseli Ramalingam, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Culex vishnui Theobald obtained from urban residential areas in Kuala Lumpur

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Dhang Chen ◽  
Han Lim Lee ◽  
Koon Weng Lau ◽  
Abdul Ghani Abdullah ◽  
Swee Beng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Biting Behavior

Abstract Background: There are several species of mosquitoes that readily attack people, and some are capable of transmitting microbial organisms that cause human diseases including dengue, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis. The mosquitoes of major concern in Malaysia belong to the genera Culex, Aedes, and Armigeres. Objective: To study the host-seeking behavior of four Malaysian mosquitoes commonly found in urban residential areas in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: The host-seeking behavior of Aedes albopictus, Armigeres kesseli, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culex vishnui was conducted in four urban residential areas in Fletcher Road, Kampung Baru, Taman Melati, and University of Malaya student hostel. The mosquito biting frequency was determined by using a bare leg catch (BLC) technique throughout the day (24 hours). The study was triplicated for each site. Results: Biting activity of Ae. albopictus in urban residential areas in Kuala Lumpur was detected throughout the day, but the biting peaked between 0600-0900 and 1500-2000, and had low biting activity from late night until the next morning (2000-0500) with biting rate ≤1 mosquito/man/hour. Biting behavior of Ar. kesseli was distinctly crepuscular, which exhibited two peaks of activity at 0600-0700 and 1900-2000, while Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. vishnui were nocturnal feeders with multiple biting peaks throughout the night. Conclusion: This study recommends optimal time for fogging to be conducted in Malaysia and neighboring countries according to the peak biting peak obtained.

scholarly journals Gonoactivity of Culex (Culex) (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes During Winter in Temperate Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Branda ◽  
Magdalena Laurito ◽  
Andrés Mario Visintin ◽  
Walter Ricardo Almirón
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Dry Ice ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pipiens ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The City

Abstract The subgenus Culex L. includes species involved in summer–autumn arbovirus transmission but studies during winter are scarce in temperate Argentina. Female specimens were collected host-seeking at dry-ice-baited traps during autumn–winter–spring at two sites in Córdoba City during 2016 and 2017. The specimens were morphologically identified and dissected to determine the follicular developmental stage (gonotrophic activity). Females with advanced follicular stages (≥III) were subjected to molecular procedures to confirm or re-identify previous morphological identification. Five species (Culex apicinus Philippi (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex dolosus (Lynch-Arribálzaga) (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex maxi Dyar (Diptera: Culicidae), Culex pipiens pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)) were collected and found gonoactive during winter; showing that a high proportion of Culex (Culex) females remain reproductively active during the unfavorable season for mosquito populations. Among them, it is worth noting the collection of Cx. quinquefasciatus, vector of the St. Louis encephalitis virus (endemic in the city), a specimen of Cx. p. pipiens, and a hybrid of Cx. p. pipiens/Cx. quinquefasciatus (during autumn). The study of this community during winter should continue because a high gonoactive female proportion with advanced follicular stages was found: 29.12 and 13.07% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Local studies such as this one provide evidence about ornithophilic Culex species with active year-round life cycles, species that could favor arbovirus overwintering.

Optimization of processing parameters to control Maillard browning in ready-to-eat processed potatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322098429
Author(s):  
Revenli Fernanda do Nascimento ◽  
Maria Helene Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
Sabrina Ávila Rodrigues ◽  
Juliana Vitória Messias Bittencourt
Keyword(s):  
Processing Parameters ◽  
B Value ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Browning Index ◽  
Index Reduction ◽  
L Value ◽  
Processed Potatoes ◽  
Maillard Browning ◽  
Central Composite

Relationship among pH, aw and Maillard browning was investigated in processed potatoes ready-to-eat during cooking and sterilization in autoclave to prevent their colors changes. Central composite rotational design was used for optimization of color (L*, a* and b*), browning index and intermediate compounds index. Reduction in the L* value and increase in the a*, b* value and browning index, indicators for Maillard browning of the processed potatoes were mitigated at pH 4.0–5.0 and aw 0.96–1.00 and accelerated at pH less than 3.0 or more than 7.0 and aw less than 0.84. Formation of intermediate compounds was intensified at pH 5.0 and aw 0.99 and mitigated at pH 7.0 and aw 0.84. Adjustment of the pH to 5.0 and keeping aw at to 0.99 were the most effective parameters of to control Maillard browning in processed potatoes ready-to-eat.

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