First Record of Quill Mites (Acariformes: Syringophilidae: Picobiinae) Living in the Quill Walls of Parrots

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1610-1613
Author(s):  
Maciej Skoracki ◽  
Bozena Sikora ◽  
Martin Hromada
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Quill Mites ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Quill mites (Acariformes: Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) are a family of about 400 ectoparasite species known to infest birds for over 140 yr. All previously identified quill mites occur in the calamus, a cavity of the bird feather, where they spent their entire life except for a short dispersion period. In this study, we report the first record of quill mites dwelling in the quill walls during their entire life cycle. In short, we found all of the different life stages of the species Lawrencipicobia poicephali (Skoracki & Dabert 2002) (Acariformes: Syringophilidae) in the quill wall in 33 host individuals of six different host species from many different locations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Hosts were collected over a time period spanning more than 70 yr. Lastly, we report six new avian hosts for this ectoparasite species.

scholarly journals Reproductive diapause in Nysius huttoni White (Heteroptera Lygaeidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
X.Z. He ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
A. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Reproductive Diapause ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Critical Photoperiod

The induction of reproductive diapause of Nysius huttoni was studied in the laboratory at 20 1C and 60 10 RH under a series of photoperiod regimes 168 h 1410 h 1212 h and 1014 h lightdark Reproductive diapause was considered to have occurred if females failed to lay eggs for 50 days after emergence The sensitivity of different life stages to diapauseinducing photoperiods varied When newly emerged females whose immature stages had been reared at 168 h were transferred to 1014 h and 1212 h 467 and 793 of them entered reproductive diapause respectively However when fifth instar nymphs were transferred from 168 h to 1014 h and 1212 h 100 of adult females entered reproductive diapause If the entire life cycle was maintained at 1014 h and 1212 h 667 and 400 of females entered reproductive diapause respectively The critical photoperiod for reproductive diapause was estimated to lie between 1311 h and 135105 h

scholarly journals First record of Cebidicola semiarmatus (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae) on the red howler monkey, Alouatta guariba clamintans (Primate: Atelidae) in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Rafael Moreira do Nascimento ◽  
Ralph Maturano ◽  
Mariana Oliveira ◽  
Erik Daemon
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Related Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Chewing Lice ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Red Howler

Lice are highly specialized parasites that spend their entire life cycle on their host. Thus, a particular species of chewing lice is often restricted either to a single host species or to a phylogenetically related species. About 560 species of these insects parasitize mammals exclusively. Cebidicola semiarmatus is one of these species, known to parasitize several primate species of the genus Aloautta. This paper presents the first record of C. semiarmatus parasitizing A. guariba clamintans.

Epoxidation of juvenile hormone was a key innovation improving insect reproductive fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (45) ◽  
pp. e2109381118
Author(s):  
Marcela Nouzova ◽  
Marten J. Edwards ◽  
Veronika Michalkova ◽  
Cesar E. Ramirez ◽  
Marnie Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Fitness ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Methyl Farnesoate ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Key Innovation

Methyl farnesoate (MF) plays hormonal regulatory roles in crustaceans. An epoxidated form of MF, known as juvenile hormone (JH), controls metamorphosis and stimulates reproduction in insects. To address the evolutionary significance of MF epoxidation, we generated mosquitoes completely lacking either of the two enzymes that catalyze the last steps of MF/JH biosynthesis and epoxidation, respectively: the JH acid methyltransferase (JHAMT) and the P450 epoxidase CYP15 (EPOX). jhamt−/− larvae lacking both MF and JH died at the onset of metamorphosis. Strikingly, epox−/− mutants, which synthesized MF but no JH, completed the entire life cycle. While epox−/− adults were fertile, the reproductive performance of both sexes was dramatically reduced. Our results suggest that although MF can substitute for the absence of JH in mosquitoes, it is with a significant fitness cost. We propose that MF can fulfill most roles of JH, but its epoxidation to JH was a key innovation providing insects with a reproductive advantage.

Rice metabolic regulatory network spanning its entire life cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenkun Yang ◽  
Shuangqian Shen ◽  
Shen Zhou ◽  
Yufei Li ◽  
Yuyuan Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle

Assessment of driving quality and its impact on changes in the technical condition of self-driving cars

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-26
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Machine Maintenance ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Self Driving Cars

The article describes the current task of developing and improving existing technologies for machine maintenance throughout the entire life cycle. The use of modern achievements in the field of computer technology, digitization of information, as well as the development of artificial intelligence technologies, will allow you to get new scientific and engineering results aimed at managing the technical condition of machines in operation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Logistic System of Fuel Life Cycle Using the LCA Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Aleksander Marek ◽  
Piotr Kardasz ◽  
Mikolaj Karpinski ◽  
Volodymyr Pohrebennyk
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Management Processes

AbstractThis paper presents the logistic system of fuel life cycle, covering diesel oil and the mixture of rapeseed oil and butanol (2:3 ratio), using the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. This method is a technique in the field of management processes with a view to assessing the potential environmental hazards. Our intention was to compare the energy consumption needed to produce each of the test fuels and emissions of selected substances generated during ithe production process. The study involved 10,000 liters of diesel and the same amount of rapeseed oil and butanol mixture (2:3 ratio). On the basis of measurements the following results were obtained. To produce a functional unit of diesel oil (i.e. 10,000 liters) it is necessary to extract 58.8 m3 of crude oil. The entire life cycle covering the consumption of 10,000 liters of diesel consumes 475.668 GJ of energy and causes the emission to air of the following substances: 235.376 kg of COx, 944.921 kg of NOx, 83.287 kg of SOx. In the ease of a functional unit, to produce a mixture of rapeseed oil and butanol (2:3 ratio) 10,000 kg of rapeseed and 20,350 kg of straw should be used. The entire life cycle of 10,000 liters of a mixture of rapeseed oil and butyl alcohol (2:3 ratio) absorbs 370.616 GJ of energy, while emitting the following air pollutants: 105.14832 kg of COx, 920.03124 kg of NOx, 0.162 kg of SOx. Analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that it is oil refining which is the most energy-intensive and polluting process in the life cycle of diesel. The process consumes 41.4 GJ of energy, and causes a significant emission of sulfur oxides (50 kg). In the production of fuel that is a mixture of rapeseed oil and butyl alcohol (2:3 ratio), rape production is the most energy-intensive manufacturing process is (absorbs 53.856 GJ of energy). This is due to the long operation time of the farm tractor and combine harvester. The operation of these machines leads also to the emission of a significant amount of pollution in the form of COx (2.664 kg) and NOx (23.31 kg).

Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1495-1500
Author(s):  
Richard Knight
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Guinea Worm ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Sub Saharan

Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis)—now limited to sub-Saharan Africa—is caused by the nematode Dracunculus medinensis, whose life cycle involves aquatic copepod crustaceans. Humans are infected when they drink water containing infective larvae. Adult worms enter subcutaneous tissue and can reach a metre in length. Clinical presentation is usually with a skin blister, most often on the leg, sometimes preceded by allergic prodromal symptoms. Bacterial infection and local scarring with disability are common complications. Most patients in endemic areas recognize their condition, but irrigation of ulcers can reveal larvae. Treatment is by physical removal of the worm; anthelmintics have no role in management. Provision of safe water for drinking is the key to prevention. The disease is now nearing eradication.

scholarly journals Three arenaviruses in three subspecific natal multimammate mouse taxa in Tanzania: same host specificity, but different spatial genetic structure?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura N Cuypers ◽  
Stuart J E Baird ◽  
Alexandra Hánová ◽  
Tatjana Locus ◽  
Abdul S Katakweba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
First Record ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Morogoro Virus ◽  
Test Specificity ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Mastomys natalensis is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and hosts several arenavirus species, including the pathogenic zoonotic Lassa virus in West Africa. Mitochondrial lineages sub-divide the range of M. natalensis and have been associated with cryptic structure within the species. To test specificity of arenaviruses to hosts carrying these lineages, we screened 1772 M. natalensis in a large area of Tanzania where three mitochondrial lineages meet. We detected fifty-two individuals that were positive for one of three arenaviruses: Gairo, Morogoro, and Luna virus. This is the first record of Luna virus in Tanzania. We confirmed the specificity of each arenavirus to a distinct host mitochondrial lineage except for three cases in one locality at the centre of a host hybrid zone. No arenaviruses were detected in a large part of the study area. Morogoro and Gairo virus showed differences in prevalence (Morogoro virus lower than Gairo virus) and in genetic structure (Morogoro virus more structured than Gairo virus). However, both viruses have genetic neighbourhood size estimates of the same order of magnitude as Lassa virus. While differences in arenavirus and/or host evolutionary and ecological dynamics may exist, Tanzanian arenaviruses could be suited to model Lassa virus dynamics in M. natalensis.

scholarly journals Planting and harvesting innovation - an analysis of Samsung Electronics

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hoon Jang ◽  
Sang M. Lee ◽  
Taewan Kim ◽  
Donghyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
New Products ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
Long Time

Abstract This study explores how firms manage the entire life cycle of innovation projects based on the framework of harvesting and planting innovation. While harvesting innovation seeks new products in the expectation of financial performance in the short term, planting innovation pursues creating value over a long time period. Without proper management of the process of planting and harvesting innovation, firms with limited resources may not be successful in launching innovative new products to seize a momentum in high tech industries. To examine this issue, the case of Samsung Electronics (SE), now an electronics giant originated from a former developing country, is analyzed. SE has shown to effectively utilize co-innovation to maintain numerous planting and harvesting innovation projects. Both researchers and practitioners would be interested in learning about how SE shared risks of innovation investment with external partners at the early stage of innovation cycles.

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