Vector Competence of Aedes hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae) for La Crosse Virus: Lack of Impaired Function in Virus-Infected Salivary Glands and Enhanced Virus Transmission by Sporozoite-Infected Mosquitoes

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally L. Paulsons ◽  
Steven J. Poirier ◽  
Paul R. Grimstad ◽  
George B. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
La Crosse Virus ◽  
Impaired Function

scholarly journals Vector competence of Culex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Zika virus transmission: an integrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sandro G. Viveiros-Rosa ◽  
Eduardo G. Regis ◽  
Wilson C. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Culex Mosquitoes ◽  
Nature Publishing Group ◽  
Publishing Group

Objective. To identify studies on the competence of Culex mosquitoes as vectors for the transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) around the globe. Methods. We performed an integrative review to identify relevant articles on specific experiments to determine whether Culex mosquitoes are vectors for ZIKV. The sources we used for our research were the Brazilian Periódicos CAPES electronic portal (MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect Journals, Nature Publishing Group, SciELO, Springer Link, and 250 other databases) and gray literature. Results. We identified 344 studies, of which 36 were considered for this review. In 8 studies, infection in salivary glands of Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex restuans, Culex tarsalis, and Culex coronator was detected. Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most studied among those confirmed as potential ZIKV vectors, and only strains of Asian lineages (THA/2014/SV0127-14; SZ01 (2016)) and American lineages (BRPE243 (2015); PRVABC59 (2015)) can infect the salivary glands of Culex mosquitoes. The tested African strains (MR766 and DAK AR 41525) were unable to infect salivary glands. Conclusions. There is still a lack of compelling evidence that indicates Culex spp. are a competent ZIKV vector, but they should remain a target for further monitoring studies, especially regarding ZIKV transmission to other species. Furthermore, studies should not be limited to studying whether their salivary glands are infected.

scholarly journals Sequential Infection of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes with Chikungunya Virus and Zika Virus Enhances Early Zika Virus Transmission

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Magalhaes ◽  
Alexis Robison ◽  
Michael Young ◽  
William Black ◽  
Brian Foy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Sequential Infection

In urban settings, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue viruses are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since these viruses co-circulate in several regions, coinfection in humans and vectors may occur, and human coinfections have been frequently reported. Yet, little is known about the molecular aspects of virus interactions within hosts and how they contribute to arbovirus transmission dynamics. We have previously shown that Aedes aegypti exposed to chikungunya and Zika viruses in the same blood meal can become coinfected and transmit both viruses simultaneously. However, mosquitoes may also become coinfected by multiple, sequential feeds on single infected hosts. Therefore, we tested whether sequential infection with chikungunya and Zika viruses impacts mosquito vector competence. We exposed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes first to one virus and 7 days later to the other virus and compared infection, dissemination, and transmission rates between sequentially and single infected groups. We found that coinfection rates were high after sequential exposure and that mosquitoes were able to co-transmit both viruses. Surprisingly, chikungunya virus coinfection enhanced Zika virus transmission 7 days after the second blood meal. Our data demonstrate heterologous arbovirus synergism within mosquitoes, by unknown mechanisms, leading to enhancement of transmission under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Transstadial Transmission and Replication Kinetics of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 in Laboratory Reared Ixodes ricinus Ticks

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Cristian Răileanu ◽  
Oliver Tauchmann ◽  
Ana Vasić ◽  
Ulrike Neumann ◽  
Birke Andrea Tews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Transstadial Transmission ◽  
Kinetics Of

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne agent that has also been isolated from several tick species. Vector competence of Ixodes ricinus, one of the most common tick species in Europe, has been poorly investigated for WNV to date. As such, to evaluate the vector competence, laboratory reared Ixodes ricinus nymphs were in vitro fed with WNV lineage 1 infectious blood, allowed to molt, and the resulting females artificially fed to study the virus transmission. Furthermore, we studied the kinetics of WNV replication in ticks after infecting nymphs using an automatic injector. Active replication of WNV was detected in injected nymphs from day 7 post-infection until 28 dpi. In the nymphs infected by artificial feeding, the transstadial transmission of WNV was confirmed molecularly in 46.7% of males, while virus transmission during in vitro feeding of I. ricinus females originating from infected nymphs was not registered. The long persistence of WNV in I. ricinus ticks did not correlate with the transmission of the virus and it is unlikely that I. ricinus represents a competent vector. However, there is a potential reservoir role that this tick species can play, with hosts potentially acquiring the viral agent after ingesting the infected ticks.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Virus Transmission by Tick Salivary Glands

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1895-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Jones ◽  
E. Hodgson ◽  
P. A. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

scholarly journals Dengue subgenomic flaviviral RNA disrupts immunity in mosquito salivary glands to increase virus transmission

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e1006535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Pompon ◽  
Menchie Manuel ◽  
Geok Kee Ng ◽  
Benjamin Wong ◽  
Chao Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Virus Transmission

scholarly journals Morphology and ultrastructure of salivary glands of male treehopper Tricentrus brunneus Funkhouser (Hemiptera: Membracoidea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Haiying Zhong ◽  
Yalin Zhang ◽  
Cong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Salivary Duct ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Gland Duct

The salivary glands of male treehopper Tricentrus brunneus Funkhouser comprise a pair of acinous principal glands each with an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe; a pair of elbow-shaped accessory glands. Every accessory gland connects with the principal gland via a thin accessory salivary duct. The anterior lobe contains three types of acini (I, II and III), whereas the posterior lobe possesses only one type of acinus (IV). Two efferent salivary ducts fuse into a common salivary duct. Different acinis cells are filled with secretory granules that are distinct in size, number, shape and electron-density, indicating a maturation process before secreted. Infoldings in different acini suggest dilution of substances before being secreted. The presence of microvilli in acinus IV and the accessory gland duct possibly indicates the undergoing maturation of secretions. Electron-dense fine granules existed in the accessory gland cells, possibly related to virus transmission.

scholarly journals ESTIMATE OF VIRUS ZIKA SPREAD RISK IN THE REPUBLIC OF ABKHAZIA ASSOCIATING THE LOCAL POPULATION OF MOSQUITOES AEDES AEGYPTI AND AEDES ALBOPICTUS

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
V. M. Dubyansky ◽  
A. I. Belyaeva ◽  
L. I. Shaposhnikova ◽  
D. S. Agapitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Virus Zika

Aim. Chracteristic of number and distribution of mosquitoes Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the Republic of Abkhazia and a risk assessment of virus Zika spread. Materials and methods. The accounting of mosquitoes number was made by the method «on the observer» in 20 minutes at the 70 nature landscapes points in april-oktober 2016. Results. The Black sea coast of the Republic of Abkhazia has favorable ecological conditions for the mosquitoes ingrowth of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. At 2016 the mosquitoes Ae. albopictus having vector competence to spread a Zika virus, has been revealed in the open stations in the territory from Ochamchirsky district to border with the Russian Federation. Their number is correlated with the air temperature in the region. The control of efficiency of the insecticidal works showed that in the open stations Ae. albopictus were not found within 3 - 7 days after the disinsection actions. However, their number of recovered as a result of settling from nearby natural biotopes. Conclusion. The risk of local Zika virus transmission has estimated as a low. Considering the gravity of the disease caused by the Zika virus carrying out a wider complex of the control methods of the mosquitoes number in areas of their dwelling, especially on the epidemiologically significant objects is necessary. The most effective of the population protection action is riddance of the reproduction mosquitoes places and sanitation of territory.

scholarly journals Temperature drives Zika virus transmission: evidence from empirical and mathematical models

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Tesla ◽  
Leah R. Demakovsky ◽  
Erin A. Mordecai ◽  
Sadie J. Ryan ◽  
Matthew H. Bonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Thermal Range ◽  
Environmental Suitability ◽  
Dependent Model ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Temperature Dependent Model ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTemperature is a strong driver of vector-borne disease transmission. Yet, for emerging arboviruses we lack fundamental knowledge on the relationship between transmission and temperature. Current models rely on the untested assumption that Zika virus responds similarly to dengue virus, potentially limiting our ability to accurately predict the spread of Zika. We conducted experiments to estimate the thermal performance of Zika virus (ZIKV) in field-derived Aedes aegypti across eight constant temperatures. We observed strong, unimodal effects of temperature on vector competence, extrinsic incubation period, and mosquito survival. We used thermal responses of these traits to update an existing temperature-dependent model to infer temperature effects on ZIKV transmission. ZIKV transmission was optimized at 29°C, and had a thermal range of 22.7°C - 34.7°C. Thus, as temperatures move toward the predicted thermal optimum (29°C) due to climate change, urbanization, or seasonally, Zika could expand north and into longer seasons. In contrast, areas that are near the thermal optimum were predicted to experience a decrease in overall environmental suitability. We also demonstrate that the predicted thermal minimum for Zika transmission is 5°C warmer than that of dengue, and current global estimates on the environmental suitability for Zika are greatly over-predicting its possible range.

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