A novel approach to scanning electron microscopy at ambient atmospheric pressure

Microscopy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ominami ◽  
Shinsuke Kawanishi ◽  
Tatsuo Ushiki ◽  
Sukehiro Ito
FLUIDA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Ade Yanti Nurfaidah ◽  
Dheana Putri Lestari ◽  
Rheisya Talitha Azzahra ◽  
Dian Ratna Suminar

Abstrak Nikel merupakan unsur logam yang penggunaannya sudah dikenal dalam industri, terutama pada pelapisan logam dan paduan. Pengolahan nikel dari bijih nikel laterit (jenis Limonit) menggunakan proses hidrometalurgi Atmospheric Pressure Acid Leaching (APAL) yang dinilai lebih ekonomis karena pemakaian energi dan biaya operasional cukup rendah. Media pelarut yang digunakan berupa larutan asam sulfat (H2SO4). Sebelum dilakukan pengolahan, karakterisasi bijih dilakukan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Flourscence (XRF), dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu literature review. Hasil review dari beberapa artikel jurnal menunjukkan bahwa kadar nikel yang terkandung pada suatu bijih sekitar 1,42%, 2,94 dan 0,95% serta sisanya adalah pengotor. Kondisi operasi yang tepat akan menghasilkan pemurnian nikel yang cukup tinggi. Parameter kondisi operasi yang dapat memengaruhi proses pemisahan nikel diantaranya suhu operasi yang ditunjukan dengan semakin meningkatnya % ekstraksi nikel seiring dengan kenaikan suhu. Selain suhu operasi, konsentrasi pelarut juga salah satu parameter yang mempengaruhi % ekstraksi karena semakin tinggi ion H+ akan memudahkan proses pelarutan sehingga akan mengikat Nikel Oksida yang terdapat pada bijih. Suhu paling optimal untuk menghasilkan nikel dengan kemurnian tinggi dalam operasi pelindian atmosferik adalah 90°C dan konsentrasi asam sulfat 5 M.  Kata Kunci: Nikel, pelindian, suhu, konsentrasi   Abstract  Nickel is a metal element whose use is well known in industry, especially in metal and alloy plating. The processing of nickel from laterite nickel ore (Limonite type) uses a hydrometallurgical process of Atmospheric Pressure Acid Leaching (APAL) which is considered more economical because energy consumption and operational costs are quite low. The solvent medium used is a solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Prior to processing, ore characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Flourscence (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The research method literature review article. The results of reviews from several journal articles show that the nickel content contained in an ore is around 1.42%, 2.94% and 0.95% and the rest is impurity. The right operating conditions will result in relatively high nickel refining. The operating condition parameters that can affect the nickel separation process include the operating temperature which is indicated by the increasing % nickel extraction along with the increase in temperature. In addition to operating temperature, solvent concentration is also one of the parameters that affects the% extraction because the higher the H+ ion will facilitate the dissolving process so that it will bind to the Nickel Oxide contained in the ore. The optimal temperature to produce high-purity nickel in atmospheric leaching operations is 90°C and a sulfuric acid concentration of 5 M. Keywords: Nickel, leaching, temperature, concentration


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Bi Zainab Mazhari ◽  
Dayanand Agsar

Extracellular gold nanoparticles synthesized by Streptomyces tuirus DBZ39 were explored for the detection of phenols in the effluent of fertilizer and distillery industries. An average size of 27–56 nm gold nanoparticles was produced and confirmed by UV-vis absorption spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. In the present investigation visual detection of phenols in the effluent samples by gold nanoparticles is enhanced by sodium sulphate. The detection is achieved successfully within 2 min, with change in color of the effluent samples. Use of biologically originated gold nanoparticles along with salt for the detection of phenols from industrial effluents is a novel approach.


1995 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Gesheva ◽  
G. I. Stoyanov ◽  
D. S. Gogova ◽  
G. D. Beshkov

AbstractWsi2 films were prepared by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) in the temperature range of 800 -1400 °C for time durations of 15 sec -3 minutes. In some of the treatment experiments different gases were involved and a conclusion is made about the role of hydrogen favoring Wsi crystal phase growing at 800 °C. W films with thichnesses in the range 200 Å - 1000 Å were deposited on monocrystalline Si by pyrolitical decomposition of W(CO)6 in CVD reactor at atmospheric pressure and argon atmosphere. Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technics were used for structural characterization and FPP-100 device for resistance measurements. Results show that by solid state reaction applied at different RTA processes WSi2 phase could be formed.Resistivities as low as 2-3 mΩ.cm are obtained for 800 -1000 °C.


2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Dakshina R. Seal ◽  
Lance S. Osborne ◽  
Cindy L. McKenzie

Author(s):  
Frederick E. Schmidt ◽  
Alan Lawlev

‘Forming limit’ or ‘instability limit’ diagrams are particularly useful in the processing of sheet materials by deep drawing or stretch forming. The key to the development of these diagrams is a quantitative characterization of the localized state of strain at various stages throughout the forming process. A novel approach has been developed whereby the distortions of a high-resolution grid, i.e. the strain analysis, are accurately monitored by scanning electron microscopy. A concurrent characterization of the associated surface structure is obtained.The grid for strain analysis is produced by a photoresist technique. Any practical grid master pattern may be used; the most useful shapes for the current studies are rectangles, squares, or circles with a resolution to 200 lines per inch. Photoresist emulsion is applied directly to the sheet specimen surface and air cured. The master pattern is then held secure against the emulsion by vacuum and the composite assembly exposed to ultraviolet light.


2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi OKADA ◽  
Sumire INAGA ◽  
Yasuo KAWABA ◽  
Takuya HANADA ◽  
Atsushi HAYASHI ◽  
...  

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