scholarly journals Unhealthy Snack Food and Beverage Consumption Is Associated with Lower Dietary Adequacy and Length-for-Age z-Scores among 12–23-Month-Olds in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa M Pries ◽  
Andrea M Rehman ◽  
Suzanne Filteau ◽  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Atul Upadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Unhealthy Snack

ABSTRACT Background Consumption of unhealthy snack foods and beverages (USFBs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is rising, with global awareness increasing about risks of overnutrition. However, little is known about the relation between USFB consumption and young children's diet/nutritional outcomes in contexts where nutrient density of complementary foods is often low. Objectives This study assessed the association of high USFB consumption, compared with low consumption, with nutrient intakes, dietary adequacy, iron status, and growth in young children in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of 745 primary caregivers of children aged 12–23 mo. Food consumption was measured through quantitative 24-h recalls, and child anthropometric measurements and capillary blood samples were collected. Using adjusted linear/logistic regression models, nutrient intakes, dietary adequacy, length-for-age and weight-for-length z-scores (LAZ and WLZ, respectively), and iron status were compared between lowest and highest tertiles of consumption based on the contribution of USFBs to total energy intakes (TEIs). Mediation of the relation between USFB consumption and LAZ via lowered dietary adequacy was explored using structural equations modeling. Results On average, USFBs contributed 46.9% of TEI among the highest tertile of consumers, compared with 5.2% of TEI among the lowest. Compared with low-USFB consumers, high-USFB consumers had lower nutrient intakes and a greater proportion were at risk of inadequate intakes for 8 nutrients. Mean LAZ was nearly 0.3 SD lower among high-USFB consumers than low consumers (P = 0.003), with this relationship partially mediated through dietary adequacy. No associations were found with stunting prevalence or iron status. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was low. Conclusions In this LMIC context, high USFB consumption among young children was associated with inadequate micronutrient intakes, which can contribute to poor growth outcomes. Addressing increased availability of USFBs in LMIC food systems should be a priority for policies and programs aiming to safeguard child nutrition.

scholarly journals High Consumption of Unhealthy Snack Foods/beverages Is Associated with Lower Length-for-age Z-scores Among Children 12–23 Months in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal (P11-092-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Pries ◽  
Andrea Rehman ◽  
Suzanne Filteau ◽  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Atul Upadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Unhealthy Snack

Abstract Objectives Consumption of unhealthy snack foods and beverages (USFB) among young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is rising, however, little is known about their effect on nutritional outcomes during the complementary feeding period. This study aimed to assess the association of high versus low USFB consumption on the iron status and growth of 12–23 month old children living in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February – April 2017 among a representative sample of 12–23 month old children and their caregivers (n = 745). Dietary (interactive 4-pass 24 hour recalls) and anthropometric measurements and capillary blood samples were collected to estimate dietary intakes of energy and nutrients, Z-scores for length-for-age (LAZ) and weight-for-length (WLZ), and indices of iron status. Percentages of dietary energy intakes (%TEI) from USFB (defined using the United Kingdom's Food Standard Agency's nutrient profiling model) were calculated. LAZ, WLZ, hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF), and transferrin receptor (TR) concentrations of children classified into the lowest versus the highest terciles of %TEI from USFB were compared using multivariable linear regression analyses after adjustment for covariates that influence nutrition. Results Ninety-one % of all children had consumed a USFB in the previous day. On average, 46.9% TEI came from USFB among the highest tercile consumers, compared to 5.2% TEI among the lowest. Nineteen % of children (n = 138) were stunted (LAZ < –2), 5.2% (n = 38) were wasted (WLZ < -2), while only four children were overweight/obese (WHZ > 2). Thirty-eight % of children (n = 257) were anemic and 28.7% (n = 193) had iron deficiency anemia. In the adjusted model, mean LAZ was nearly 0.3SD lower among high USFB consumers than low consumers (P = 0.003). No associations were found with WLZ or biochemical concentrations. Conclusions In this LMIC context, urban 1–2 year old children who were high USFB consumers were significantly shorter compared to those who were low USFB consumers. To safeguard child nutrition in LMIC, policies and programs many need to address the increasing access and use of inexpensive, nutrient-poor USFB. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

scholarly journals Nutrient Density as a Dimension of Dietary Quality: Findings of the Nutrient Density Approach in a Multi-Center Evaluation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4016
Author(s):  
Marieke Vossenaar ◽  
Noel W. Solomons ◽  
Siti Muslimatun ◽  
Mieke Faber ◽  
Olga P. García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Public Health Epidemiology

The nutrient adequacy of a diet is typically assessed by comparing estimated nutrient intakes with established average nutrient requirements; this approach does not consider total energy consumed. In this multinational survey investigation in Indonesia, Mexico, and South Africa, we explore the applications of the “critical nutrient-density approach”—which brings energy requirements into the equation—in the context of public health epidemiology. We conducted 24 h dietary recalls in convenience samples of normal-weight (BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2) or obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), low-income women in three settings (n = 290). Dietary adequacy was assessed both in absolute terms and using the nutrient density approach. No significant differences in energy and nutrient intakes were observed between normal-weight and obese women within any of the three samples (p > 0.05). Both the cut-point method (% of EAR) and critical nutrient density approach revealed a high probability of inadequate intakes for several micronutrients but with poor concordance between the two methods. We conclude that it may often require some approximate estimate of the habitual energy intake from an empirical source to apply a true critical nutrient density reference for a population or subgroup. This will logically signify that there would be more “problem nutrients” in the diets examined with this nutrient density approach, and efforts toward improved food selection or food- or biofortification will frequently be indicated.

Dietary Adequacy of the Rotary Diversified Diet: As a Treatment for “Environmental Illness”

2002 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Taylor ◽  
Magdalena M. Krondl ◽  
Mark Spidel ◽  
Adele C. Csima
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Environmental Illness ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Regular Cycle ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

The rotary diversified diet, used in the management of environmental illness, consists of eliminating prohibited foods from the diet and rotating remaining non-prohibited foods and their “food families” within a regular cycle. We assessed the adequacy of nutrient intakes in 22 women prescribed the diet, described the nature of supplement use, and assessed the relationship between adherence and nutrient intake levels. Except for calcium and folacin intakes, mean nutrient intakes met or exceeded recommended levels. No subjects had calcium intakes above the adequate intake for calcium; 72.7% had folate intakes below the estimated average requirement. Intakes of other nutrients, except thiamin and magnesium, were below the estimated average requirement in less than 25% of the sample; 31.8% and 45.5% of subjects, respectively, had thiamin and magnesium intakes at this level. Those who adhered more closely to the rotary diversified diet had higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate, and fibre than did those who followed the diet less closely. Supplements conferred some nutritional benefits; however, supplemental niacin and magnesium intakes exceeded tolerable upper intake levels. Those prescribed the rotary diversified diet require nutrition counselling from dietitians to cope with the complexity and restrictiveness of the diet.

The nutritional consequences of foraging in primates: the relationship of nutrient intakes to nutrient requirements

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1270) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Selection ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Dietary Protein ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Many studies have examined the proportion of time that primates devote to feeding on various types of food, but relatively little is known about the intake rates associated with each food. However, the nutritional consequences of foraging can only be interpreted by comparing nutrient intakes with estimated nutrient requirements. The energy available to primates from ingested foods will depend both on the composition of the food and the extent to which various constituents, including fibre fractions, are digested. Both human and non-human primates have relatively low requirements for protein as a consequence of slow growth rates, small milk yields and relatively dilute milk. Because the nutrient demands of growth and reproduction are spread out over time, it appears that primates do not need to seek out foods of particularly high nutrient density, except perhaps during weaning. Although food selection in some species of primates appears to be correlated with the protein concentration of foods, it is unlikely that high dietary protein levels are required, at least when foods of balanced amino acid composition (such as leaves) are included in the diet.

scholarly journals Realistic Food-Based Approaches Alone May Not Ensure Dietary Adequacy for Women and Young Children in South-East Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine L. Ferguson ◽  
Louise Watson ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Mary Chea ◽  
Uraiporn Chittchang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Dietary Adequacy

Nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of young children by dietary fat intakes

2000 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Ballew ◽  
Sarah Kuester ◽  
Mary Serdula ◽  
Barbara Bowman ◽  
William Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intakes

scholarly journals Adolescent television viewing and unhealthy snack food consumption: the mediating role of home availability of unhealthy snack foods

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Pearson ◽  
Stuart JH Biddle ◽  
Lauren Williams ◽  
Anthony Worsley ◽  
David Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Unhealthy Snack ◽  
Home Availability

Maternal responses to difficult food request scenarios: Relationships with feeding style and child unhealthy snack intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 1732-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha B Boots ◽  
Marika Tiggemann ◽  
Nadia Corsini
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Feeding Styles ◽  
Feeding Style ◽  
Maternal Responses ◽  
Parent Feeding ◽  
Unhealthy Snack ◽  
Feeding Behaviours

This study sought to identify parent-feeding behaviours in real-life difficult feeding situations through the use of a set of scenarios. These were then used to examine links between parent feeding and child snack intake. Mothers of children aged 2–7 years ( n = 611) completed an online survey containing five snack food request scenarios, two commonly used parent-feeding scales (Restriction and Covert Control), and reported on their child’s snack intake. Results showed that parent-feeding styles (restrictive or covert) translated into specific behaviours in response to the scenarios. These parent behaviours predicted children’s intake of unhealthy snack food over and above the feeding style.

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