Old and New Issues in Cervical Cancer Control

ON JANUARY 1, 1967, the Cancer Control Program will become part of the National Center for Chronic Disease Control within the Public Health Service's new Bureau of Disease Prevention and Environmental Control. Our primary mission is to stimulate and encourage the application of currently available techniques of cancer prevention, cancer detection, and cancer control to the community at the grass roots level. If this will be the case after the reorganization remains to be seen. Figure 1 shows the new organization of the Public Health Service. By way of illustration, I think it would be well to briefly outline a few of our activities. An area of heavy emphasis has been the use of the Papanicolaou smears for cervical cancer control. These programs have been responsible for developing certified cytotechnology training schools, supporting and training large numbers of cytotechnicians. In addition, we are supporting some 90 hospital-based cervical cancer screening projects across the country. A program to encourage the general practitioner to screen his private patients in the office is jointly sponsored by the American Academy of General Practice and the Cancer Control Program. The very grave problem in the United States of smoking and carcinoma of the lung is the major responsibility of tile National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health, a part of the Division of Chronic Diseases which developed out of the Cancer Control Program. We are engaged in a number of developmental projects, such as the flexible fiber optic proctosigmoidoscope. We hope to be able to produce a proctosigmoidoscope that will reach the splenic flexure.

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The Need for Cervical Cancer Control in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women from Romania by Primary Prevention and by Early Detection Using Clinically Validated HPV/DNA Tests

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0132271 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e0132271 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ramona Gabriela Ursu ◽

Mircea Onofriescu ◽

Alexandru Luca ◽

Liviu Jany Prisecariu ◽

Silvia Olivia Sălceanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Hpv Dna Tests ◽

Hiv Negative

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

10.33442/vt202145 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anne Schuind

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Associated Lesions ◽

Hpv Types ◽

E6 And E7

HPV is extremely common worldwide and mainly transmitted through sexual contact; most people are infected with HPV shortly after onset of sexual activity. There are >200 types of HPV, of which at least 12 are cancer-causing (oncogenic or high-risk types). HPV is a causal factor for several anogenital and a subset of oropharyngeal cancers with 2 HPV types (16 and 18) causing 72% of all HPV-associated cancers. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally with nearly 90% of the deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Comprehensive cervical cancer control includes primary prevention (vaccination against HPV), secondary prevention (screening and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions) as well as treatment of invasive cervical cancer. The currently licensed vaccines are L1 VLP-based and prophylactic; they have been shown to be safe and highly effective in preventing HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions, precancer and cancer. Neutralizing antibodies are the mechanism of protection for prophylactic HPV VLP-based vaccines. Therapeutic HPV vaccines targeting the oncoproteins E6 and E7 are in clinical development.

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Cervical Cancer Mortality in East-Central European Countries

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17134639 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 4639

Author(s):

Cezary Wojtyla ◽

Michal Ciebiera ◽

Dariusz Kowalczyk ◽

Grzegorz Panek

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Control ◽

European Countries ◽

Pap Smears ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

East Central Europe ◽

East Central ◽

Central European ◽

Control Programmes ◽

East Central European

Changes that took place in Europe in the early 1990s had an impact on health-associated issues. They were an impulse for the changes in healthcare systems and, consequently, also for the changes in cancer control programmes. Those changes also had an effect on mortality rates due to cervical cancer (CC). Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse CC mortality trends in east-central Europe after 1990. Data on deaths due to CC were retrieved from the WHO Mortality Database. Trends in east-central European countries between 1990 and 2017 were assessed using Joinpoint Regression Program software. CC mortality decreased in the majority of analysed countries. However, an increase was observed in Latvia and Bulgaria. Despite decreasing mortality in the majority of the analysed countries, significant differences were observed. In order to improve the epidemiological situation, effective early detection programmes for cervical cancer ought to be rearranged and based not only on pap smears but also on molecular methods, as well as on introducing widespread programmes of vaccination against HPV.

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Building a Network of Health Professionals for Breast and Cervical Cancer Control in the Andean Region

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.2016.008714 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Diana Mendoza-Cervantes ◽

Isabel Otero ◽

Jo Anne Zujewski ◽

Jorge Ferrandiz Salazar ◽

Gabriela López Córdova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Andean Region ◽

Double Burden ◽

Control Plan ◽

Breast And Cervical Cancer

Purpose Cancer mortality is approximately twice as high in Latin American countries than in more developed countries. In particular, the countries of the high Andean region of Latin America carry a double burden of breast and cervical cancers. In these countries, there are disproportionately higher mortality to incidence ratios compared with other regions in Latin America. The US National Cancer Institute’s Center for Global Health, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Ministry of Health in Peru collaborated to design and execute an education and advocacy workshop in Lima, Peru. The workshop was convened to discuss regional challenges and practices, as well as to support the implementation of Plan Esperanza, Peru’s national cancer control plan. Methods Workshop participants included local and international experts to present the state of the science, health practitioners, and advocacy groups to discuss unique barriers that women in the region experience. Results Inequalities in access to and distribution of medical expertise, lack of continuity of cancer control plans, and the need for sustained public buy-in emerged as obstacles. Conclusion The workshop provided a forum to discuss key issues regarding breast and cervical cancer control among health professionals and advocates in Peru and the region. This article outlines the resulting recommendations.

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