scholarly journals State Variation in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States, 1995–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1104-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Siegel ◽  
Genet A Medhanie ◽  
Stacey A Fedewa ◽  
Ahmedin Jemal
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Abstract The extent to which the increase in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in the United States varies geographically is unknown. We analyzed changes in CRC incidence and risk factors among people aged 20–49 years by state using high-quality population-based cancer registry data provided by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and national survey data, respectively. Early-onset CRC incidence was mostly stable among blacks and Hispanics but increased in 40 of 47 states among non-Hispanic whites, most prominently in western states. For example, rates increased in Washington from 6.7 (per 100 000) during 1995–1996 to 11.5 during 2014–2015 (rate ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval = 1.48 to 2.01) and in Colorado from 6.0 to 9.5 (rate ratio = 1.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.30 to 1.91). Nevertheless, current CRC incidence was highest in southern states. From 1995 to 2005, increases occurred in obesity prevalence in all states and heavy alcohol consumption in one-third of states, but neither were correlated with CRC incidence trends. Early-onset CRC is increasing most rapidly among whites in western states. Etiologic studies are needed to explore early life colorectal carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Social Determinants Associated with the Rising Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the U.S.: A PRISMA Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Author(s):  
Laura Amweg ◽  
Laura Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Objectives To examine the behavioral, socioeconomic, clinical and systemic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults (19–49 years of age) in the United States (U.S). Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PRISMA methodology. Eleven electronic databases were searched for the extant literature. Study eligibility criteria included colorectal cancer patients in the United States aged 19–49 years. Articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2009-April 2019 were included. Results Diet, smoking, low physical activity, and gut microbiome changes were identified as modifiable risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Racial disparities existed where African American and Hispanic populations had a higher incidence of EOCRC compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Results suggested that delays in EOCRC diagnosis were caused by delays between symptom presentation and appropriate screening. Limitations included use of non-longitudinal cross-sectional analysis, which cannot explain etiologic causes. Conclusions Public health efforts are needed for better adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and increasing physical activity, to bring awareness to young adults and clinicians alike to know the symptoms of EOCRC, and for young people to get screened early in an ethnically-inclusive manner to reduce disparities. Findings suggest more prospective, longitudinal studies need to be conducted and analyzed to study the etiologic factors of EOCRC. Funding Sources The authors have no funding sources to report.

scholarly journals Geographic and intra‐racial disparities in early‐onset colorectal cancer in the SEER 18 registries of the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 9150-9159
Author(s):  
Wesal H. Abualkhair ◽  
Meijiao Zhou ◽  
Carolina O. Ochoa ◽  
Leonel Lacayo ◽  
Caitlin Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

scholarly journals Trends in Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the United States Among Those Approaching Screening Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e1920407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesal H. Abualkhair ◽  
Meijiao Zhou ◽  
Dennis Ahnen ◽  
Qingzhao Yu ◽  
Xiao-Cheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

scholarly journals Comparative effectiveness of oral prostacyclin pathway drugs on hospitalization in patients with pulmonary hypertension in the United States: a retrospective database analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 204589402091183
Author(s):  
John W. McConnell ◽  
Yuen Tsang ◽  
Janis Pruett ◽  
William Drake III
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Index Date ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Administrative Claims

Two oral medications targeting the prostacyclin pathway are available to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States: oral treprostinil and selexipag. We compared real-world hospitalization in patients receiving these medications. A retrospective administrative claims study was conducted using the Optum® Clinformatics® Data Mart database. Patients with pulmonary hypertension were identified using diagnostic codes. Cohort inclusion required age ≥ 18 years, first oral treprostinil or selexipag prescription between 1 January 2015 and 30 September 2017 (index date), and continuous enrollment in the prior ≥6 months. Patients who switched index drug were excluded. Follow-up was from index date until the first of end of index drug exposure, end of continuous enrollment, death, or 31 December 2017. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard and Poisson regression were used to compare risk and rate, respectively, of hospitalization associated with oral treprostinil vs. selexipag, adjusting for potential confounders. The study cohort included 99 patients receiving oral treprostinil and 123 receiving selexipag. Mean age was 61 years, and most patients were females (71%). Compared with oral treprostinil, selexipag was associated with a 46% lower risk of all-cause hospitalization (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.92; P = 0.02), a 47% lower risk of pulmonary hypertension-related hospitalization (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.93; P = 0.03), a 42% lower all-cause hospitalization rate (rate ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.39, 0.87; P = 0.01), and a 46% lower pulmonary hypertension-related hospitalization rate (rate ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.35, 0.82; P = 0.004). This study suggests that selexipag is associated with lower hospitalization risk and rate than oral treprostinil.

Trends in the incidence of early‐onset colorectal cancer in all 50 United States from 2001 through 2017

Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh R. Shah ◽  
Valentine O. Millien ◽  
Wilson L. Costa ◽  
Abiodun O. Oluyomi ◽  
Milena Gould Suarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

scholarly journals Patterns of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Among Nigerians and African Americans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1647-1655
Author(s):  
Andreana N. Holowatyj ◽  
Aishatu Suleiman Maude ◽  
Halimatu Sadiya Musa ◽  
Ahmed Adamu ◽  
Sani Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Rectal Tumors

PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing among individuals < 50 years of age (early-onset CRC) globally with causes unknown. Racial/ethnic disparities in early-onset CRC have also grown more pronounced, because Black individuals have higher early-onset CRC incidence and poorer survival compared with White individuals. We describe the prevalence and burden of early-onset CRC among Africans in Nigeria and African Americans (AAs) in the United States. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified Black individuals diagnosed with a first primary CRC ages 18 to 49 years between 1989 and 2017 at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Zaria, Nigeria (Nigerians), and in the United States (AAs) using the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute’s SEER program of cancer registries. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate clinical and demographic differences between Nigerians and AAs with early-onset CRC, adjusted for age, sex, tumor site, and histology. RESULTS A total of 5,019 Black individuals were diagnosed with early-onset CRC over the study period (379 Nigerians; 4,640 AAs). Overall, approximately one third of young Black patients were diagnosed with rectal tumors (35.8%). Nigerian individuals with early-onset CRC were eight-fold more likely to be diagnosed with rectal tumors (odds ratio [OR], 8.14; 95% CI, 6.23 to 10.62; P < .0001) and more likely to be diagnosed at younger ages (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.89; P < .0001) compared with young African Americans in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Compared with AA individuals diagnosed with early-onset CRC, Nigerian individuals harbor distinct features of early-onset CRC. Additional investigation of the histopathologic and biologic heterogeneity of early-onset CRCs among Black individuals is critical for understanding racial disparities in susceptibility and outcomes, which may have implications for tailored early-onset CRC prevention, detection, and treatment strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document