scholarly journals Patterns of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Among Nigerians and African Americans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1647-1655
Author(s):  
Andreana N. Holowatyj ◽  
Aishatu Suleiman Maude ◽  
Halimatu Sadiya Musa ◽  
Ahmed Adamu ◽  
Sani Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Rectal Tumors

PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing among individuals < 50 years of age (early-onset CRC) globally with causes unknown. Racial/ethnic disparities in early-onset CRC have also grown more pronounced, because Black individuals have higher early-onset CRC incidence and poorer survival compared with White individuals. We describe the prevalence and burden of early-onset CRC among Africans in Nigeria and African Americans (AAs) in the United States. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified Black individuals diagnosed with a first primary CRC ages 18 to 49 years between 1989 and 2017 at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Zaria, Nigeria (Nigerians), and in the United States (AAs) using the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute’s SEER program of cancer registries. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate clinical and demographic differences between Nigerians and AAs with early-onset CRC, adjusted for age, sex, tumor site, and histology. RESULTS A total of 5,019 Black individuals were diagnosed with early-onset CRC over the study period (379 Nigerians; 4,640 AAs). Overall, approximately one third of young Black patients were diagnosed with rectal tumors (35.8%). Nigerian individuals with early-onset CRC were eight-fold more likely to be diagnosed with rectal tumors (odds ratio [OR], 8.14; 95% CI, 6.23 to 10.62; P < .0001) and more likely to be diagnosed at younger ages (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.89; P < .0001) compared with young African Americans in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Compared with AA individuals diagnosed with early-onset CRC, Nigerian individuals harbor distinct features of early-onset CRC. Additional investigation of the histopathologic and biologic heterogeneity of early-onset CRCs among Black individuals is critical for understanding racial disparities in susceptibility and outcomes, which may have implications for tailored early-onset CRC prevention, detection, and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Church-based interventions to address obesity among African Americans and Latinos in the United States: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R Flórez ◽  
Denise D Payán ◽  
Kartika Palar ◽  
Malcolm V Williams ◽  
Bozena Katic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The Church

Abstract Context Multilevel church-based interventions may help address racial/ethnic disparities in obesity in the United States since churches are often trusted institutions in vulnerable communities. These types of interventions affect at least two levels of socio-ecological influence which could mean an intervention that targets individual congregants as well as the congregation as a whole. However, the extent to which such interventions are developed using a collaborative partnership approach and are effective with diverse racial/ethnic populations is unclear, and these crucial features of well-designed community-based interventions. Objective The present systematic literature review of church-based interventions was conducted to assess their efficacy for addressing obesity across different racial/ethnic groups (eg, African Americans, Latinos). Data Sources and Extraction In total, 43 relevant articles were identified using systematic review methods developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Task Force on Community Preventive Services. The extent to which each intervention was developed using community-based participatory research principles, was tailored to the particular community in question, and involved the church in the study development and implementation were also assessed. Data Analysis Although 81% of the studies reported significant results for between- or within-group differences according to the study design, effect sizes were reported or could only be calculated in 56% of cases, and most were small. There was also a lack of diversity among samples (eg, few studies involved Latinos, men, young adults, or children), which limits knowledge about the ability of church-based interventions to reduce the burden of obesity more broadly among vulnerable communities of color. Further, few interventions were multilevel in nature, or incorporated strategies at the church or community level. Conclusions Church-based interventions to address obesity will have greater impact if they consider the diversity among populations burdened by this condition and develop programs that are tailored to these different populations (eg, men of color, Latinos). Programs could also benefit from employing multilevel approaches to move the field away from behavioral modifications at the individual level and into a more systems-based framework. However, effect sizes will likely remain small, especially since individuals only spend a limited amount of time in this particular setting.

Inherited Colorectal Cancer Registries in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Church ◽  
Ruwan Kiringoda ◽  
Lisa LaGuardia
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Middle East Is Characterized by Low Incidence Rates With Advancing Age

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rafil T. Yaqo ◽  
Sana D. Jalal ◽  
Kharaman J. Ghafour ◽  
Hemin A. Hassan ◽  
Michael D. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

PURPOSE In the Middle East, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are more than 50% lower than the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS Age-specific incidence rates (ASIRs), age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs), and IRRs of NHL:HL were compared using the cancer registries of Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and US SEER. RESULTS The NHL AAIR (95% CI) per 100,000 population was 4.4 (4.1 to 4.7) for Iraq, 5.4 (4.6 to 6.2) for Jordan, 4.7 (4.4 to 5.1) for Saudi Arabia, and 13.2 (13.0 to 13.4) for the United States. The HL AAIR was 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0) for Iraq, 1.8 (1.4 to 2.2) for Jordan, 2.1 (1.9 to 2.2) for Saudi Arabia, and 2.3 (2.2 to 2.4) for the United States, with respective NHL:HL IRR of 2.4 (2.2 to 2.7), 3.0 (2.4 to 3.8), 2.2 (2.0 to 2.5), and 5.7 (5.5 to 6.0). NHL ASIRs for the Middle East and the United States were similar until 30 to 39 years of age. Thereafter, ASIR of NHL peaked at 20 to 33 per 100,000 at age 70 years in the Middle East regions, all much lower than the US age 70 years rate of greater than 100 per 100,000. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represented 52% of NHL in Sulaimaniyah Province of Iraq and 51% of NHL in Saudi Arabia. Both regions had AAIR for DLBCL less than 42% of DLBCL in US SEER. Pediatric Epstein-Barr virus–related Burkitt’s lymphoma at 8% was the second most frequent NHL in Sulaimaniyah but made little contribution to overall NHL rates. CONCLUSION The incidence of HL was slightly lower than in the United States, but it was the markedly lower rates of adult NHL with advancing age, including the predominant DLBCL, that accounted for the low NHL:HL IRR in these Middle Eastern countries.

scholarly journals Social Determinants Associated with the Rising Incidence of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in the U.S.: A PRISMA Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Author(s):  
Laura Amweg ◽  
Laura Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Early Onset Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Objectives To examine the behavioral, socioeconomic, clinical and systemic characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adults (19–49 years of age) in the United States (U.S). Methods A systematic literature review was performed using PRISMA methodology. Eleven electronic databases were searched for the extant literature. Study eligibility criteria included colorectal cancer patients in the United States aged 19–49 years. Articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2009-April 2019 were included. Results Diet, smoking, low physical activity, and gut microbiome changes were identified as modifiable risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). Racial disparities existed where African American and Hispanic populations had a higher incidence of EOCRC compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Results suggested that delays in EOCRC diagnosis were caused by delays between symptom presentation and appropriate screening. Limitations included use of non-longitudinal cross-sectional analysis, which cannot explain etiologic causes. Conclusions Public health efforts are needed for better adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and increasing physical activity, to bring awareness to young adults and clinicians alike to know the symptoms of EOCRC, and for young people to get screened early in an ethnically-inclusive manner to reduce disparities. Findings suggest more prospective, longitudinal studies need to be conducted and analyzed to study the etiologic factors of EOCRC. Funding Sources The authors have no funding sources to report.

scholarly journals Incidence trends, rates, and ethnic variations of primary CNS tumors in Texas from 1995 to 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon N Ambe ◽  
Kristopher A Lyon ◽  
Damir Nizamutdinov ◽  
Ekokobe Fonkem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Percent Change

Abstract Background Although rare, primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Texas is a representative sample of the United States population given its large population, ethnic disparities, geographic variations, and socio-economic differences. This study used Texas data to determine if variations in incidence trends and rates exist among different ethnicities in Texas. Methods Data from the Texas Cancer Registry from 1995 to 2013 were examined. Joinpoint Regression Program software was used to obtain the incidence trends and SEER*Stat software was used to produce average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for both nonmalignant and malignant tumors in Texas from 2009 to 2013. Results The incidence trend of malignant primary CNS tumors in whites was stable from 1995 to 2002, after which the annual percent change decreased by 0.99% through 2013 (95% CI, -1.4, -0.5; P = .04). Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders showed unchanged incidence trends from 1995 to 2013. Hispanics had an annual percent change of -0.83 (95% CI, -1.4, -0.2; P = .009) per year from 1995 through 2013. From 2009 to 2013, the incidence rates of nonmalignant and malignant primary CNS tumors were highest among blacks, followed by whites, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives. Conclusions Consistent with the 2016 Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States report, the black population in Texas showed the highest total incidence of CNS tumors of any other race studied. Many factors have been proposed to account for the observed differences in incidence rate including geography, socioeconomic factors, and poverty factors, although the evidence for these external factors is lacking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document