Asymmetry of Hippocampal Tau Pathology in Primary Age-Related Tauopathy and Alzheimer Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M Walker ◽  
Yelena Fudym ◽  
Kurt Farrell ◽  
Megan A Iida ◽  
Kevin F Bieniek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Neurofibrillary Degeneration ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Braak Stage ◽  
Neuritic Plaques ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Abstract Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is a neurodegenerative entity defined as neurofibrillary degeneration generally restricted to the medial temporal region (Braak stage I–IV) with complete or near absence of diffuse and neuritic plaques. Symptoms range in severity but are generally milder and later in onset than in Alzheimer disease (AD). Recently, an early predilection for neurofibrillary degeneration in the hippocampal CA2 subregion has been demonstrated in PART, whereas AD neuropathologic change (ADNC) typically displays relative sparing of CA2 until later stages. In this study, we utilized a semiquantitative scoring system to evaluate asymmetry of neurofibrillary degeneration between left and right hippocampi in 67 PART cases and 17 ADNC cases. 49% of PART cases demonstrated asymmetric findings in at least one hippocampal subregion, and 79% of the asymmetric cases displayed some degree of CA2 asymmetry. Additionally, 19% of cases revealed a difference in Braak score between the right and left hippocampi. There was a significant difference in CA2 neurofibrillary degeneration (p = 0.0006) and CA2/CA1 ratio (p < 0.0001) when comparing the contralateral sides, but neither right nor left was more consistently affected. These data show the importance of analyzing bilateral hippocampi in the diagnostic evaluation of PART and potentially of other neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Early Selective Vulnerability of the CA2 Hippocampal Subfield in Primary Age-Related Tauopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M Walker ◽  
Timothy E Richardson ◽  
Kurt Farrell ◽  
Megan A Iida ◽  
Chan Foong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Selective Vulnerability ◽  
Neurofibrillary Degeneration ◽  
Braak Stage ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Semiquantitative Assessment ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is a neurodegenerative entity defined as Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary degeneration primarily affecting the medial temporal lobe with minimal to absent amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition. The extent to which PART can be differentiated pathoanatomically from Alzheimer disease (AD) is unclear. Here, we examined the regional distribution of tau pathology in a large cohort of postmortem brains (n = 914). We found an early vulnerability of the CA2 subregion of the hippocampus to neurofibrillary degeneration in PART, and semiquantitative assessment of neurofibrillary degeneration in CA2 was significantly greater than in CA1 in PART. In contrast, subjects harboring intermediate-to-high AD neuropathologic change (ADNC) displayed relative sparing of CA2 until later stages of their disease course. In addition, the CA2/CA1 ratio of neurofibrillary degeneration in PART was significantly higher than in subjects with intermediate-to-high ADNC burden. Furthermore, the distribution of tau pathology in PART diverges from the Braak NFT staging system and Braak stage does not correlate with cognitive function in PART as it does in individuals with intermediate-to-high ADNC. These findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the contribution of PART to cognitive impairment and how neurofibrillary degeneration interacts with Aβ pathology in AD and PART.

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN MILD GNITIVE IMPAIRMENT PATIENTS WITH PIB+ AND – BIOMARKERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Gonçalves ◽  
Paulo Bazan ◽  
Maria da Graça Martins ◽  
Geraldo Busatto Filho ◽  
Artur Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Functional Compensation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Protein Deposit ◽  
The Right

Background: According to the recent NIA-AA, a probable predictor of Alzheimer’s disease convertor in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the Aβ protein deposit in PET PIB exam. However, there is a lack of studies investigating functional connectivity in PIB +/- MCI patients. Objectives: to investigate differences in functional connectivity during resting state in MCI patients with PET PIB+ and - biomarkers. Methods: PET PIB+ (N=12 and PIB- (N=12) MCI patients underwent fMRI during resting state using 3 ROIS related to memory (posterior cingulate and bilateral hippocampus). Results: there were significant connectivity differences (p <0.05) between PIB+ and PIB- patients above 80% for right temporal region connectivity regarding left and right temporal region. Conclusions The results suggest that PET PIB+ MCI patients show significant difference in functional connectivity on the right temporal region in relation to left and right hippocampus ROI during the resting state possibly related to functional compensation.

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Schizophrenia a Lateralisation Study

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Furlong ◽  
Paul Barczak ◽  
Gwilym Hayes ◽  
Graham Harding
Keyword(s):  
Index Finger ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

The SSEPs obtained from 19 schizophrenics defined by RDC, DSM–III and PSE criteria Were compared with those from a control group of healthy volunteers. Previous findings of an abnormal lack of lateralising response in schizophrenic patients were not replicated. No significant difference in either amplitude or morphology between the traces obtained from the two groups were recorded. Ipsilateral and contralateral latencies for stimulation of the left and right index finger showed no significant difference in peak latency for any component between patient and control group. When mean peak-to-peak amplitudes were plotted the contralateral component was always greater in amplitude than the ipsilateral one. An objective measure of the degree of lateralisation, the percentage lateralisation quotient, showed no lateralisation differences between the patient and control groups. A case of myogenic contamination of ipsilateral components was observed calling into doubt findings where no temporal region monitoring has been performed.

scholarly journals A radiological evaluation of alveolar bone regeneration between the left and right mandibles and maxillae of the Chacma baboon

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthinus J. Kotze ◽  
Kurt-W. Bütow ◽  
Steve A. Olorunju ◽  
Harry F. Kotze
Keyword(s):  
Healing Rate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Digital Radiology ◽  
Grey Scale ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
The Right

There is a lack of information in comparing the healing rate between the left and right sides of the maxilla and mandible. Osteogenesis of alveolar bone was evaluated with digital radiology by comparing differences in bone density (BD) at different time points within the left and right maxilla and mandible. Alveolar bone defects were created in five healthy Chacma baboons. Standardised x-ray images were acquired over time and the densities of the selected trauma areas were measured pre-operatively, post-operatively and at 3 and 6 weeks post-operatively. Differences in densities were statistically tested. There was no significant difference when the grey scale averages of the combined first and fourth quadrants (right side) and combined second and third quadrants (left side) were compared pre-operatively (t = 0.70), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.34), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.40) and 6 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.66). There was also no significant difference between the values for the first and second quadrants (maxilla) pre-operatively (t = 0.37), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.30), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.30) and 6 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.38); the third and fourth quadrants (mandible) were also not significantly different pre-operatively (t = 0.29), immediately post-operatively (t = 0.69), 3 weeks post-operatively (t = 0.07) and 6 weeks postoperatively (t = 0.06). However, the results showed an increased predisposition of the right side to regenerate faster than the left side and indicated sufficient information to investigate the effect of laterality and preferred side of mastication on the rate of healing and alveolar BD in the maxilla and mandible.

scholarly journals A Study on the Optimization of High School Buildings for Evacuation Safety: Classroom Layout and Ramps in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-368
Author(s):  
Chang-Jun Choi, Ha-Sung Kong
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Layout Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
School Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Evacuation Safety ◽  
The Right

This study used the Pathfinder program to evaluate evacuation safety by assuming evacuation training in high school buildings and changing classroom layout. Analysis of the final evacuation requirements for Scenario 2, which currently has a concentration of classrooms on the third floor of the building, showed that Scenario 2 reduced 29.6 seconds to 173.9 seconds compared to Scenario 1's 203.5 seconds. However, the analysis of Scenario 3, in which 10 classrooms and personnel of three grades were placed equally on the left and right sides of the building, showed that the final evacuation requirements were reduced 3.9 seconds to 170.0 seconds compared to Scenario 2, but there was no significant difference. Scenario 3, which has more the efficiency of school year operation by placing classroom layout on the same floor by grade level than Scenario 2, in which more classrooms and students were placed downstairs. In each scenario, an analysis of the final evacuation requirements showed that the evacuation exit T1 on the left side of the building was 28 seconds or more shorter than T3 on the right side of the building. Therefore, it was analyzed that proper classroom layout and ramp facilities in high school buildings ensure evacuation safety

scholarly journals Changes in the Stiffness of Thigh Muscles in the Left and Right Limbs During Six Weeks of Plyometric Training in Volleyball Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Mroczek ◽  
Edward Superlak ◽  
Marek Konefał ◽  
Krzysztof Maćkała ◽  
Paweł Chmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Method ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction. Monitoring muscle stiffness in athletes can be a good method of assessing fatigue caused by high training loads, and the early detection of fatigue can help prevent the occurrence of micro-trauma in the muscles that can cause contusions. The research carried out by Wilson et al. [1] confirmed that an optimal level of muscle stiffness is significantly correlated with high muscle loads. The aim of the current study was to determine changes in muscle stiffness of the left and right thighs during six weeks of plyometric training (PT) in volleyball players. Material and methods. The study involved 16 volleyball players from the second-league Opole University of Technology Club (age = 21.12 ± 1.66 years, height = 191.62 ± 5.73 cm, and weight = 86.25 ± 6.66 kg) with at least five years of competitive experience (7.5 ± 2.44 years). Muscle stiffness was measured during three stages of the plyometric training using a MYOTON PRO device (Estonia). Results. An RM-ANOVA analysis showed a significant difference in the resting stiffness of the semitendinosus (posterior thigh) muscles of the left and right limbs before the plyometric training began, but no significant differences were found in the stiffness of these muscles in the fourth or sixth weeks of training. The results of the measurement performed for the anterior muscles of the thigh did not reveal a significant difference in the stiffness of the left limb compared to that of the right limb in subsequent weeks of training. Conclusion. The loads used in plyometric training in volleyball players caused a decrease in the differences in muscle stiffness between the left and right limbs, and in both limbs, adaptation trended towards an increase or a decrease in stiffness.

Pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA: influence of background activity

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Barrowcliffe ◽  
C. Otto ◽  
J. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Background Activity ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Scintillation Detectors ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Left Chest ◽  
Tissue Accumulation ◽  
Pulmonary Clearance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right

We examined the effect of intravascular and tissue accumulation of tracer when measuring pulmonary clearance of sodium pertechnetate-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99mTc-DTPA). Pigs were intubated with endobronchial tubes, permitting deposition of an aerosol of 99mTc-DTPA only into the left lung. Scintillation detectors recorded radioactivity separately from one thigh and from the lung and chest wall on the left and right side. 99mTc-DTPA was given intravenously after 30 min, so that the chest counts from the left lung could be corrected for background activity in either the right lung or the thigh. The uncorrected clearance half time (t1/2) mean± SE from the left chest was 118.5 ± 14.4 min. When corrected for background activity in the right chest, the t1/2 was 82.1 ± 10.5 min, and when corrected for background activity in the thigh, the t1/2 was 80.9 ± 10.6 min. There was no significant difference between t1/2 corrected by the measurements from the right chest or the thigh, and in four of five animals the corrected t1/2 by either method was significantly different from the uncorrected t1/2 (P less than 0.05). There was no correlation between the uncorrected t1/2 and the magnitude of the required correction. We conclude that correction for intravascular and tissue accumulation of tracer is an important refinement of the technique and can easily be accomplished by measuring accumulation of tracer in the thigh.

scholarly journals Lateral comparisons using Fishman's skeletal maturation assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham N. Safer ◽  
Peter Homel ◽  
David D. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Bone Development ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Objective:  To assess lateral differences between ossification events and stages of bone development in the hands and wrists utilizing Fishman's skeletal maturation indicators (SMIs). Materials and Methods:  The skeletal ages of 125 subjects, aged 8 to 20 years, were determined with left and right hand-wrist radiographs using Fishman's SMI assessment. Each subject was also given the Edinburgh Handedness Questionnaire to assess handedness. The skeletal ages of both hand-wrist radiographs were analyzed against each other, handedness, chronologic age, and gender. Results:  There were no significant differences overall in right and left SMI scores (P  =  .70); 79% of all patients showed no difference in right and left SMI scores, regardless of handedness, gender, or age. However, when patients were categorized based on clinical levels of SMI score for the right hand-wrist, there was a significant difference (P  =  .01) between the SMI 1-3 group and the SMI 11 group. Subjects in the SMI 1-3 group were more likely to show a left &gt; right SMI score, while subjects in the SMI 11 group were likely to show a right &gt; left SMI score. Conclusion:  Although no significant overall lateral differences in SMI scores were noted, it may be advisable to obtain a left hand-wrist radiograph and/or additional diagnostic information to estimate completion of growth in young surgical patients.

Age-related histomorphological studies on the spleen of Chinese yellow quail

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Piao ◽  
He Min ◽  
Yingying Lv ◽  
Jingjing Wei ◽  
Mingyan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Red Pulp

This study was aimed to investigate the morphology, growth, histological structure and development of the spleen of the Chinese yellow quail at different ages(from 0 to 38 weeks). The yellow Quail spleen was spherical, brownish red, located at the right dorsal of the junction of the muscle stomach and glandular stomach. The absolute quality, length and width of the spleen gradually increased with age, reaching a maximum for each of these measurements at the age of 6 weeks and then remainied unchanged between 10 and 26 weeks of age. Finally, these measurements of the spleen were no significant difference at 30 weeks of age compared to at 34 to 38 weeks (P>0.05). Although, these measurements were found to gradually decrease during 30-38 weeks of age, the decrease was not obvious. The basic structure of the spleen included red pulp, white pulp and the edge area. In addition, the average area and diameter of the splenic nodules, the white pulp ellipsoid and the periarterial lymphatic sheath gradually increased, reaching maximum sizes at the age of 26 weeks. It was seen that a sustained developmental period occurred at 0-6 weeks of age and a maturation period occurred at 10-38 weeks during the development of quail spleen.

scholarly journals Growth-Related Differences in Maximum Laterotrusion and Retrusion between Children and Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Reicheneder ◽  
Peter Proff ◽  
Uwe Baumert ◽  
Tomas Gedrange
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there are no differences between children and adults in maximum laterotrusion and maximum retrusion on the right and left sides. Materials and Methods: This population-based study included 81 randomly selected children between the ages of 6 and 10 years and 67 adults. Kinematic variables were measured with the ultrasonic JMA-System for registration. Results: The mean maximum laterotrusion of the children's group (10.6 ± 1.5 mm on the left, 11.0 ± 1.7 mm on the right) was significantly smaller than that of the adult group (11.7 ± 2.0 mm on the left, 12.2 ± 1.7 mm on the right). The maximum laterotrusion of the children's group corresponded to about 90% on the left and right sides of that of the adult group. The mean maximum retrusion of the children's group was significantly bigger than that of the adult group. There, the adult values corresponded to 66.7% on the left and 50% on the right side of the children's values. No significant difference in maximum laterotrusion and retrusion was noted on the right and left sides, and no significant differences according to gender specificities were observed in either group. Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. In development of the temporomandibular joint, maximum laterotrusion on the right and left sides increases significantly with age, and maximum retrusion decreases significantly with age.

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