Children’s Pain Threat Appraisal and Catastrophizing Moderate the Impact of Parent Verbal Behavior on Children’s Symptom Complaints

Abstract Background and aims There is a growing body of evidence, that pain is common at school age. Less is known about the repeatability of pain questionnaires for children. This study aimed to assess the test-retest repeatability of the Finnish version of the electronic pain questionnaire for school-aged children. Methods Primary (n = 79) and lower secondary (n = 127) schoolchildren aged 10–15 years from two schools from the Jyväskylä region of Finland, filled in an electronic questionnaire twice in an interval of 2 weeks. It captured the frequency of pain symptoms with a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire covering nine areas of the body for the last 3 months. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values 0.40–0.59 reflected fair and 0.60–0.74 good repeatability. Results The highest prevalences of pain were in the head (29%) and neck and shoulder (NS) (23%) areas. ICC values showed good repeatability for questions about pain frequency in the head, NS and lower extremities. In primary school, these values were good in the lower extremities and fair in NS, lower back and the head. In lower secondary school, the ICC values were good in NS and the head, fair in the stomach and lower extremities. Conclusions This electronic questionnaire was an acceptably repeatable indicator to measure the frequency of pain in the most prevalent pain areas: the head and NS. Implications It is important to be aware of the impact of health-related outcomes on children’s ability to be successful in their lives. With the help of a simple electronic questionnaire, it is possible to cost-effectively capture, for example, the prevalence and frequency of pain during the school hours. The identification of children’s pain symptoms accurately provides more possibilities to prevent and to minimize the chronic pain among schoolchildren.

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Modelling Cyber-Crime Protection Behaviour among Computer Users in the Context of Bangladesh

Cyber Warfare and Terrorism ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-2466-4.ch021 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 321-341

Author(s):

Imran Mahmud ◽

T. Ramayah ◽

Md. Mahedi Hasan Nayeem ◽

S. M. Muzahidul Islam ◽

Pei Leng Gan

Keyword(s):

Threat Appraisal ◽

Protection Motivation ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Theoretical Contribution ◽

It Service ◽

Security Training ◽

Service Oriented ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

This study examined the impact of security champion and security training on protection behaviour in the context of IT service oriented SMEs in Bangladesh. Drawing upon protection motivation theory, this study examined the influence of security training on threat appraisal and influence of security training on coping appraisal which leads to protection behaviour via protection motivation. Data was collected from six different IT service oriented organizations with a sample size of 147 by survey questionnaire. Data was analysed using partial least squares (PLS) technique and result shows that perceived value of data, security training and threat appraisal are strong predictors of threat appraisal, protection motivation and protection behaviour. Theoretical contribution and practical implications of this research are also discussed.

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The Impact of Parental Presence on Their Children During Painful Medical Procedures: A Systematic Review

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnab264 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emma Rheel ◽

Anneleen Malfliet ◽

Dimitri M L Van Ryckeghem ◽

Roselien Pas ◽

Tine Vervoort ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Medical Procedure ◽

Medical Procedures ◽

Parental Presence ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Painful Medical Procedures ◽

Children's Pain ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective Whether parental presence during their children’s painful medical procedures is advantageous with regard to children’s pain-related outcomes is questionable. Research on this topic is equivocal, and additional questions, such as whether levels of parental involvement may play a role as well, remain to be addressed. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize and critically appraise the literature on the impact of parental presence vs absence during their children’s painful medical procedures on the child’s pain-related outcomes. Methods The review protocol was registered on Prospero (ID CRD42018116614). A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycArticles resulted in 22 eligible studies incorporating 2,157 participants. Studies were considered eligible if they included children (≤18 years old) undergoing a painful medical procedure and compared parental presence and/or involvement with parental absence during the procedure. Results The children’s pain-related outcomes included self-reported pain intensity, self-reported fear, anxiety and distress, observed pain-related behavior, and physiological parameters. Overall, evidence points in the direction of beneficial effects of parental presence vs absence with regard to children’s self-reported pain intensity and physiological parameters, whereas mixed findings were recorded for children’s self-reported fears, anxiety and distress, and observed pain-related behaviors. Conclusions To provide clear recommendations on how to involve the parent during the procedure, as well as for which type of children and parents parental presence has the best effects, further research is needed, as indicated in this review.

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Neuropsychological performance following a history of multiple self-reported concussions: A meta-analysis

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617709991287 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 262-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

HEATHER G. BELANGER ◽

ERIC SPIEGEL ◽

RODNEY D. VANDERPLOEG

Keyword(s):

Brain Injuries ◽

Neuropsychological Functioning ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

History Of ◽

The Impact ◽

Symptom Complaints

AbstractDebate continues about the long-term neuropsychological impact of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (MTBI). A meta-analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to determine the impact of having a history of more than one self-reported MTBI (versus just one MTBI) across seven cognitive domains, as well as symptom complaints. The analysis was based on 8 studies, all conducted with athletes, involving 614 cases of multiple MTBI and 926 control cases of a single MTBI. The overall effect of multiple MTBI on neuropsychological functioning was minimal and not significant (d = 0.06). However, follow-up analyses revealed that multiple self-reported MTBI was associated with poorer performance on measures of delayed memory and executive functioning. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. (JINS, 2010, 16, 262–267.)

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LO056: Perceptions and provision of analgesia for acutely painful conditions in children: a multi-centre prospective survey of caregivers

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2016.93 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (S1) ◽

pp. S49-S50

Author(s):

D. Wonnacott ◽

C. Poonai ◽

B. Wright ◽

S. Ali ◽

C. Bhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Translation ◽

Common Knowledge ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Painful Condition ◽

Translation Strategies ◽

Post Secondary ◽

Knowledge Translation Strategies ◽

Children's Pain ◽

The Impact ◽

At Home

Introduction: The suboptimal management of children’s pain in the emergency department (ED) is well described. Although surveys of physicians show improvements in providing analgesia, institutional audits suggest otherwise. One reason may be patient refusal. Our objectives were to determine the proportion of caregivers that offered analgesia prior to arrival to the ED, accept analgesia in the ED, and identify reasons for withholding analgesia. Our results will inform knowledge translation initiatives to improve analgesic provision to children. Methods: A novel survey was designed to test the hypothesis that a large proportion of caregivers withhold and refuse analgesia. Over a 16-week period across two Canadian paediatric EDs, we surveyed caregivers of children aged 4-17 years with an acutely painful condition (headache, otalgia, sore throat, abdominal pain, or musculoskeletal injury). The primary outcome was the proportion of caregivers who offered analgesia up to 24 hours prior to ED arrival and accepted analgesia in the ED. Results: The response rate was 568/707 (80.3%). The majority of caregivers were female (426/568, 75%), aged 36 years or older (434/568, 76.4%), and had a post-secondary education (448/561, 79.9%). Their children included 320 males and 248 females with a mean age of 10.6 years. Most (514/564, 91.1%) reported being “able to tell when their child was in pain”. On average, children rated their maximal pain at 7.4/10. A total of 382/561 (68.1%) caregivers did not offer any form of analgesia prior to arrival. Common reasons included lack of time (124/561, 22.1%), fear of masking signs and symptoms (74/561, 13.2%) or the seriousness of their child’s condition (72/561, 12.8%), and lack of analgesia at home (71/561, 12.7%). Analgesia was offered to 328/560 (58.6%) children in the ED and 283/328 (72.6%) caregivers accepted. The most common reason for not accepting analgesia was child refusal (20/45, 44.4%). Conclusion: Most caregivers do not offer analgesia to their child prior to arriving in the ED despite high levels of pain and an awareness of it. Despite high rates of acceptance of analgesia in the ED, misconceptions are common. Knowledge translation strategies should dispel caregiver misconceptions, and highlight the impact of pain on children and the importance of analgesia at home.

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Researching the Impact of Interview Experience Using Verbal Behavior Analysis

10.4135/9781473999800 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Verbal Behavior ◽

Behavior Analysis ◽

The Impact

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Modelling Cyber-Crime Protection Behaviour among Computer Users in the Context of Bangladesh

Design Solutions for User-Centric Information Systems - Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1944-7.ch014 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 253-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Imran Mahmud ◽

T. Ramayah ◽

Md. Mahedi Hasan Nayeem ◽

S. M. Muzahidul Islam ◽

Pei Leng Gan

Keyword(s):

Threat Appraisal ◽

Protection Motivation ◽

Survey Questionnaire ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Theoretical Contribution ◽

It Service ◽

Security Training ◽

Service Oriented ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

This study examined the impact of security champion and security training on protection behaviour in the context of IT service oriented SMEs in Bangladesh. Drawing upon protection motivation theory, this study examined the influence of security training on threat appraisal and influence of security training on coping appraisal which leads to protection behaviour via protection motivation. Data was collected from six different IT service oriented organizations with a sample size of 147 by survey questionnaire. Data was analysed using partial least squares (PLS) technique and result shows that perceived value of data, security training and threat appraisal are strong predictors of threat appraisal, protection motivation and protection behaviour. Theoretical contribution and practical implications of this research are also discussed.

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