Leaf Water Relations, Osmotic Adjustment, Cell Membrane Stability, Epicuticular Wax Load and Growth as Affected by Increasing Water Deficits in Sorghum

SUMMARYFour soyabean cultivars were grown with two N application rates (50 and 300 kg N/ha) in the field at Hiroshima University, Japan, from June to August 1988. Cell membrane stability (CMS) by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) test, leaf water relations and nutrient concentrations in cell sap and leaf tissues were measured when the plants were 50 days old, in the uppermost fully expanded leaves.Cell membrane stability was higher at the higher N rate, the increase over the lower rate being greater in the cultivars Lee+ and Lee–than in Tamahomare and T201. Leaf water potential was not affected by the higher rate of N application. Osmotic adjustment, which was independent of water stress, was observed with the higher rate of N and it was higher in Lee + and Lee–than in Tamahomare and T201. It is suggested that osmotic potential in leaf tissues may influence CMS measured by the PEG test. Solute concentrations in cell sap and leaf tissues were higher at the higher N rate. Sugar and K were the major contributors to osmotic potential.

Download Full-text

Seasonal changes in leaf water relations and cell membrane stability in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600077029 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. 169-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. S. Premachandra ◽

H. Saneoka ◽

K. Fujita ◽

S. Ogata

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Water Potential ◽

Leaf Water Potential ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Seasonal Changes ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Leaf Water Relations ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Cell Membrane Stability

SUMMARYFifteen cultivars of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were grown in the field at Hiroshima University, Japan, to investigate seasonal changes in leaf water relations and cell membrane stability (CMS) measured by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) test. Leaf water potential and osmotic potential were measured from August 1988 to August 1989. Solute concentration in leaf cell sap was also estimated.Cell membrane stability increased, leaf water potential and osmotic potential decreased and turgor potential increased with decreasing environmental temperatures during autumn and winter. The significant increases observed in CMS may enable plants to tolerate freezing temperatures during winter. Decrease in leaf water potential may be a result of water-deficit effects due to soil freezing at low temperatures and the decrease in osmotic potential may help plants to maintain turgor and tolerate freezing conditions. Plants maintained higher turgor as the osmotic potential decreased to values as low as – 3·98 MPa during winter; the maintenance of turgor helps to maintain water uptake under water deficit conditions at low temperatures.Sugar and K were the major osmotic contributors in orchardgrass leaves. Sugar and Ca concentrations increased and Mg and P concentrations decreased at cold temperatures. K concentration increased in six cultivars and decreased in nine others at cold temperatures. Sugar concentration in cell sap was negatively correlated with osmotic potential. It was concluded that seasonal changes in CMS may be mainly associated with the osmotic potential of the leaf tissues.

Download Full-text

Cell Membrane Stability and Leaf Surface Wax Content as Affected by Increasing Water Deficits in Maize

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/42.2.167 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 167-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

G. S. PREMACHANDRA ◽

HIROHUMI SANEOKA ◽

MUNEAKI KANAYA ◽

SHOITSU OGATA

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Water Deficits ◽

Cell Membrane Stability ◽

Surface Wax ◽

Wax Content ◽

Leaf Surface Wax

Download Full-text

Inoculation of rapeseed under different rates of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur fertilizer: impact on water relations, cell membrane stability, chlorophyll content and yield

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science ◽

10.1080/03650340.2014.982550 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 1137-1149 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ali Namvar ◽

Teymur Khandan

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Water Relations ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Cell Membrane Stability

Download Full-text

Water Relations in Cowpea and Pearl Millet Under Soil Water Deficits. I. Contrasting Leaf Water Relations

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9920577 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 577 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

CL Petrie ◽

AE Hall

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Water Relations ◽

Pressure Chamber ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Surface Conductance ◽

Pennisetum Americanum ◽

Leaf Water Relations ◽

Water Deficits ◽

Rooting Media

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] can survive soil water deficits more effectively than pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke]. Cowpea and millet were grown in a glasshouse in different rooting media and different sizes of container, under wet and dry treatments, and as sole crops and intercrops to evaluate any differences in leaf water potential. Millet developed significantly lower predawn leaf water potentials (ΨL) than cowpea under the dry treatment of all of the rooting media and container sizes used, but both millet and cowpea maintained high predawn ΨL in the well-watered treatment. With the dry treatment, the same difference in predawn ΨL between cowpea and millet developed in plants grown either as sole crops or as intercrops in the same pot. These results suggest that plants grown as intercrops were somehow isolated from each other, even though their root systems may have overlapped, and that competition for water was probably not occurring. Differences in predawn ΨL between cowpea and millet were detected with either a pressure chamber or psychrometers, but values of ΨL varied with measurement method. Compared with psychrometer values, pressure chamber values became significantly lower in millet late in the dry treatment but were higher in cowpea. Agreement between the methods for measuring ΨL improved in cowpea when predawn xylem osmotic potential was added to the pressure chamber value. At the end of the experiments, leaf surface conductance to water vapour and leaf area were lower in millet than cowpea. Consequently, it is possible that the significantly lower predawn ΨL in millet was not due to greater water use by millet compared with cowpea.

Download Full-text