scholarly journals Storage globulins pass through the Golgi apparatus and multivesicular bodies in the absence of dense vesicle formation during early stages of cotyledon development in mung bean

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1367-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqi Wang ◽  
Yu Chung Tse ◽  
Giselbert Hinz ◽  
David G. Robinson ◽  
Liwen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Pass Through

Vesicle formation in the Golgi apparatus

1989 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Oster ◽  
Louis Y. Cheng ◽  
Hsiao-Ping H. Moore ◽  
Alan S. Perelson
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Vesicle Formation

scholarly journals Langerhans' Cells in Equine Cutaneous Papillomas and Normal Skin

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamada ◽  
M. Takechi ◽  
C. Itakura
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigen ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Normal Epidermis

Langerhans' cells (LC) were investigated immunohistochemically and electron microscopically in normal equine epidermis and 133 equine cutaneous papillomas experimentally induced in five 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses. Class II major histocompatibility complex antigen-positive dendritic LC were found in the normal epidermis and ultrastructurally had the characteristic Birbeck's granules. In the developing phase of the papillomas, LC were significantly decreased in number and size, indicative of a hypofunctional state. In the regressing phase of the papillomas, LC were markedly increased in number, especially at the epidermis-dermis junction. LC with long dendrites were rich in cytoplasm with well-developed cytoplasmic organelles, including Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, Birbeck's granules, and multivesicular bodies. These LC were hyperfunctional. An infiltration of many T lymphocytes was also observed at the epidermis-dermis junction.

scholarly journals Early Stages of Golgi Vesicle and Tubule Formation Require Diacylglycerol

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Asp ◽  
Fredrik Kartberg ◽  
Julia Fernandez-Rodriguez ◽  
Maria Smedh ◽  
Markus Elsner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Golgi Vesicle ◽  
Tubule Formation ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Golgi Membranes ◽  
Phosphatidate Phosphohydrolase ◽  
Late Stages

We have investigated the role for diacylglycerol (DAG) in membrane bud formation in the Golgi apparatus. Addition of propranolol to specifically inhibit phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP), an enzyme responsible for converting phosphatidic acid into DAG, effectively prevents formation of membrane buds. The effect of PAP inhibition on Golgi membranes is rapid and occurs within 3 min. Removal of the PAP inhibitor then results in a rapid burst of buds, vesicles, and tubules that peaks within 2 min. The inability to form buds in the presence of propranolol does not appear to be correlated with a loss of ARFGAP1 from Golgi membranes, as knockdown of ARFGAP1 by RNA interference has little or no effect on actual bud formation. Rather, knockdown of ARFGAP1 results in an increase in membrane buds and a decrease of vesicles and tubules suggesting it functions in the late stages of scission. How DAG promotes bud formation is discussed.

scholarly journals Stress-Induced Intracellular Trafficking of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in Rat Locus Coeruleus Neurons

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. S. Reyes ◽  
Rita J. Valentino ◽  
Elisabeth J. Van Bockstaele
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Cellular Trafficking ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Swim Stress ◽  
Early Endosomes ◽  
Crf1 Antagonist

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) activates locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine neurons during stress. Previous stress or CRF administration attenuates the magnitude of this response by decreasing postsynaptic sensitivity to CRF. Here we describe the fate of CRF receptors (CRFr) in LC neurons after stress. Rats were exposed to swim stress or handling and perfused 1 or 24 h later. Sections through the LC were processed for immunogold-silver labeling of CRFr. CRFr in LC dendrites was present on the plasma membrane and within the cytoplasm. In control rats, the ratio of cytoplasmic to total dendritic labeling was 0.55 ± 0.01. Swim stress increased this ratio to 0.77 ± 0.01 and 0.80 ± 0.02 at 1 and 24 h after stress, respectively. Internalized CRFr was associated with different organelles at different times after stress. At 1 h after stress, CRFr was often associated with early endosomes in dendrites and perikarya. By 24 h, more CRFr was associated with multivesicular bodies, suggesting that some of the internalized receptor is targeted for degradation. In perikarya, more internalized CRFr was associated with Golgi apparatus 24 vs. 1 h after stress. This is suggestive of changes in CRFr synthesis. Alternatively, this may indicate communication between multivesicular bodies and Golgi apparatus in the process of recycling. Administration of the selective CRF1 antagonist, antalarmin, before swim stress attenuated CRFr internalization. The present demonstration of stress-induced internalization of CRFr in LC neurons provides evidence that CRF is released in the LC during swim stress to activate this system and initiate cellular trafficking of the receptor that determines subsequent sensitivity of LC neurons to CRF.

The Golgi Apparatus in Development of the Mesoglea in Sertularia Pumila (Hydromedusae) Hydranths

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Taatjes
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Columnar Epithelium ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Vacuolated Cells

The early stages of development of the hydranth of Sertularia pumila is composed of an outer ectoderm and an inner gastroderm. These tissues are separated by an acellular middle lamella or mesoglea (1). The ectoderm is a columnar epithelium, with each cell having a centrally located nucleus (Fig. 1). In mature hydranths the ectoderm has secretory cells facing an outer chitinous hydrotheca and also stores sensory cells. The gastroderm is made of highly vacuolated cells which function in digestion. The ectodermal and gastrodermal cells are elongated with large vacuoles traversed by channels of cytoplasm which anchor the cells to the mesoglea (Fig. 1)

Memoirs: The Golgi Apparatus of Copromonas Subtilis, and Euglena sp

1938 ◽  
Vol s2-80 (320) ◽  
pp. 567-591
Author(s):  
J. BRONTË GATENBY ◽  
B. N. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contractile Vacuole ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Contractile Vacuoles ◽  
Osmoregulatory Mechanism

1. In Copromonas subtilis , Dobell, and Euglena sp. there is a Golgi apparatus consisting of osmiophil material in the form of granules, which are associated with the osmoregulatory mechanism of the cell. 2. Inside the granules, water collects, so that they become spherical vacuoles, identical with what have in the past been called contractile vacuoles (Copromonas) or accessory contractile vacuoles (Euglena viridis). 3. In Euglena viridis, the Golgi apparatus is closely applied to the so-called contractile vacuole, and consists of numerous loaf-shaped osmiophil bodies which undergo a regular series of changes from systole to diastole, and vice versa. 4. In Copromonas, the osmiophil material may form a thick cortex surrounding what has been called the reservoir, it may be attached to the reservoir in fairly regular loafshaped bodies as in Euglena, or it may be completely detached from the reservoir. 5. The so-called contractile vacuoles of Copromonas are vesicles containing water, which are formed on the site of the osmiophil granules. 6. As far as we are able to say at present, the reservoir of Copromonas is indistinguishable from an enlarged contractile vacuole, and new reservoirs probably arise from swollen contractile vacuoles. It is difficult to believe that the reservoir divides into two, as has been claimed by Dobell. 7. During division of Copromonas, two reservoirs can nearly always be found in the early stages before the nucleus becomes dumb-bell shaped. These seem to have originated from the osmiophil vacuoles. 8. The remaining osmiophil material, when present, moves slightly down the cell, occupying a place in the mid-line. When the new cell-wall between the two organisms has passed down, about one-third the length of the dividing monad, the osmiophil material splits into two sub-equal groups and is so divided between the two organisms. There is therefore a definite dictyokinesis to be found in Copromonas. 9. Just at or after this period, the osmiophil material may become scattered about the upper middle and upper region of the dividing monads, but finally becomes situated in the region of the reservoir. 10. The osmiophil material (Golgi apparatus) persists throughout conjugation and encystment, even when a reservoir cannot be found. 11. There is a rhizoplast joining the basal granule of the flagellum with the intra-nuclear nucleolo-centrosome, and an axostyle is present, passing from the basal granule to the posterior end of the organism. 12. During cell division, the basal granule divides into two and appears to lose its connexion with the two nucleolo-centrosomes of the dividing nucleus. The axostyle appears to be absorbed in the early stages of division and cannot be stained at this epoch, but reappears in each moiety of the dividing organism, when the nucleus is dumb-bell shaped. It appears to reform when the two basal granules have taken their definitive position at the anterior end of the cells. 13. We agree with Wenyon that one flagellum passes over intact to one of the daughter cells at division, the other flagellum arises from the other basal granule. 14. Numerous fat granules are found throughout the organism; what have been called volutin granules in other Protozoa are present in Copromonas, and stain in neutral red. 15. Mitochondria are present mainly in the posterior region of the organism.

scholarly journals Poliovirus Infection Transiently Increases COPII Vesicle Budding

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 9675-9682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Trahey ◽  
Hyung Suk Oh ◽  
Craig E. Cameron ◽  
Jesse C. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Vesicle Budding ◽  
Precursor Pool ◽  
Copii Vesicle ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Vesicle Biogenesis ◽  
Intermediate Compartment ◽  
Copii Vesicles

Poliovirus (PV) requires membranes of the host cell's secretory pathway to generate replication complexes (RCs) for viral RNA synthesis. Recent work identified the intermediate compartment and the Golgi apparatus as the precursors of the replication “organelles” of PV (N. Y. Hsu et al., Cell 141:799–811, 2010). In this study, we examined the effect of PV on COPII vesicles, the secretory cargo carriers that bud from the endoplasmic reticulum and homotypically fuse to form the intermediate compartment that matures into the Golgi apparatus. We found that infection by PV results in a biphasic change in functional COPII vesicle biogenesis in cells, with an early enhancement and subsequent inhibition. Concomitant with the early increase in COPII vesicle formation, we found an increase in the membrane fraction of Sec16A, a key regulator of COPII vesicle formation. We suggest that the early burst in COPII vesicle formation detected benefits PV by increasing the precursor pool required for the formation of its RCs.

Sur la différenciation des trachéides dans les haustoriums d'Osyris alba parasitant Hedera helix

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1746-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Benharrat ◽  
S. Renaudin ◽  
L. Rey ◽  
P. Thalouarn
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Host Root ◽  
Cytoplasmic Content ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Surrounding Membrane

The central part of the haustorium of Osyris alba L. contains a cambium which is continuous from the mother root to the vicinity of the "absorbing cells." It centripetally differentiates tracheary elements which make up a vascular core, the xylem bridge, connecting the vessels of the parasite root to those of the host root. In the differentiating cambial cells, a first stage of activity of the Golgi apparatus, which is related to the development of the secondary wall thickenings, is evident. This stage is marked by the presence of numerous vesicles containing an electron dense material and of multivesicular bodies lying near the plasmalemma. The cells also contain numerous spherical granules which, while being mainly proteinaceous, also contain some potassium, calcium, and sulfur. The composition of these granules, the fact that their surrounding membrane is studded with numerous ribosomes and the fact that they often form short chains in a common membranous profile lead us to conclude that they are elaborated in the endoplasmic reticulum. Later in the course of differentiation of those cells, a second stage of activity of the Golgi apparatus can be observed, with the numerous vesicles showing a light content this time. This phase precedes a lysis process during which the cells lose all their cytoplasmic content. Only the granules remain in the differentiated tracheids. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals CYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF LYSOSOMES, GOLGI APPARATUS AND ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM IN SECRETION AND PROTEIN UPTAKE BY ADRENAL MEDULLA CELLS OF THE RAT

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 320-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC HOLTZMAN ◽  
REGINA DOMINITZ
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Protein Uptake ◽  
Thiamine Pyrophosphatase

The adrenalin-producing cells of the rat adrenal medulla have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Frozen sections of glutaraldehyde-perfused material were incubated for demonstration of "marker" enzymes for lysosomes (acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase) and Golgi apparatus (thiamine pyrophosphatase). In addition, the uptake and fate of intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase was followed. Acid phosphatase activity is demonstrable in secretory granules, Golgi saccules, vesicles in the Golgi area and in the agranular tubules and cisternae (GERL) from which secretory granules appear to form at the inner surface of the Golgi apparatus. Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes on only one surface is closely apposed to both inner and outer aspects of the Golgi apparatus. Peroxidase is taken up in vesicles, tubules and "cup-like" bodies. The latter apparently transform into multivesicular bodies. A possible source of the acid phosphatase found in multivesicular bodies is the small vesicles from the Golgi apparatus or GERL.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document