scholarly journals Axial anatomy of the leaf midrib provides new insights into the hydraulic architecture and cavitation patterns of Acer pseudoplatanus leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (21) ◽  
pp. 6195-6201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lechthaler ◽  
Pierluigi Colangeli ◽  
Moira Gazzabin ◽  
Tommaso Anfodillo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Hydraulic Architecture ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Embolism Resistance ◽  
Conduit Diameter ◽  
Hierarchical Scheme

Abstract The structure of leaf veins is typically described by a hierarchical scheme (e.g. midrib, 1st order, 2nd order), which is used to predict variation in conduit diameter from one order to another whilst overlooking possible variation within the same order. We examined whether xylem conduit diameter changes within the same vein order, with resulting consequences for resistance to embolism. We measured the hydraulic diameter (Dh), and number of vessels (VN) along the midrib and petioles of leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus, and estimated the leaf area supplied (Aleaf-sup) at different points of the midrib and how variation in anatomical traits affected embolism resistance. We found that Dh scales with distance from the midrib tip (path length, L) with a power of 0.42, and that VN scales with Aleaf-sup with a power of 0.66. Total conductive area scales isometrically with Aleaf-sup. Embolism events along the midrib occurred first in the basipetal part and then at the leaf tip where vessels are narrower. The distance from the midrib tip is a good predictor of the variation in vessel diameter along the 1st order veins in A. pseudoplatanus leaves and this anatomical pattern seems to have an effect on hydraulic integrity since wider vessels at the leaf base embolize first.

scholarly journals Within-Site Variability of Liana Wood Anatomical Traits: A Case Study in Laussat, French Guiana

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félicien Meunier ◽  
Sruthi M. Krishna Moorthy ◽  
Hannes P. T. De Deurwaerder ◽  
Robin Kreus ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Hydraulic Architecture ◽  
Woody Vines ◽  
Wood Trait ◽  
The Individual

Research Highlights: We investigated the variability of vessel diameter distributions within the liana growth form among liana individuals originating from a single site in Laussat, French Guiana. Background and Objectives: Lianas (woody vines) are key components of tropical forests. Lianas are believed to be strong competitors for water, thanks to their presumed efficient vascular systems. However, unlike tropical trees, lianas are overlooked in field data collection. As a result, lianas are often referred to as a homogeneous growth form while little is known about the hydraulic architecture variation among liana individuals. Materials and Methods: We measured several wood hydraulic and structural traits (e.g., basic specific gravity, vessel area, and vessel diameter distribution) of 22 liana individuals in a single sandy site in Laussat, French Guiana. We compared the liana variability of these wood traits and the correlations among them with an existing liana pantropical dataset and two published datasets of trees originating from different, but species-rich, tropical sites. Results: Liana vessel diameter distribution and density were heterogeneous among individuals: there were two orders of magnitude difference between the smallest (4 µm) and the largest (494 µm) vessel diameters, a 50-fold difference existed between extreme vessel densities ranging from 1.8 to 89.3 vessels mm−2, the mean vessel diameter varied between 26 µm and 271 µm, and the individual theoretical stem hydraulic conductivity estimates ranged between 28 and 1041 kg m−1 s−1 MPa−1. Basic specific gravity varied between 0.26 and 0.61. Consequently, liana wood trait variability, even within a small sample, was comparable in magnitude with tree surveys from other tropical sites and the pantropical liana dataset. Conclusions: This study illustrates that even controlling for site and soil type, liana traits are heterogeneous and cannot be considered as a homogeneous growth form. Our results show that the liana hydraulic architecture heterogeneity across and within sites warrants further investigation in order to categorize lianas into functional groups in the same way as trees

Indirect measurement of leaf area index on the basis of path length distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghai Hu ◽  
Guangjian Yan ◽  
Xihan Mu ◽  
Jinghui Luo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Area Index

The hydraulic architecture of Eucalyptus trees growing across a gradient of depth-to-groundwater

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Zolfaghar ◽  
Randol Villalobos-Vega ◽  
Melanie Zeppel ◽  
Derek Eamus
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Hydraulic Architecture ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Huber Value ◽  
Xylem Vulnerability ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Hydraulic Safety

Heterogeneity in water availability acts as an important driver of variation in plant structure and function. Changes in hydraulic architecture represent a key mechanism by which adaptation to changes in water availability can be expressed in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether differences in depth-to-groundwater influence the hydraulic architecture of Eucalyptus trees in remnant woodlands within mesic environments. Hydraulic architecture of trees was examined in winter and summer by measuring the following traits: Huber value (HV: the ratio between sapwood area and leaf area), branch hydraulic conductivity (leaf and sapwood area specific), sapwood density, xylem vulnerability (P50 and Pe) and hydraulic safety margins across four sites where depth-to-groundwater ranged from 2.4 to 37.5 m. Huber value increased significantly as depth-to-groundwater increased. Neither sapwood density nor branch hydraulic conductivity (sapwood and leaf area specific) varied significantly across sites. Xylem vulnerability to embolism (represented by P50 and Pe) in both seasons was significantly and negatively correlated with depth-to-groundwater. Hydraulic safety margins increased with increasing depth-to-groundwater and therefore trees growing at sites with deeper water tables were less sensitive to drought induced embolism. These results showed plasticity in some, but not all, hydraulic traits (as reflected in HV, P50, Pe and hydraulic safety margin) in response to increase in depth-to-groundwater in a mesic environment.

Indirect Measurement of Forest Leaf Area Index Using Path Length Distribution Model and Multispectral Canopy Imager

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2532-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghai Hu ◽  
Jinghui Luo ◽  
Guangjian Yan ◽  
Jie Zou ◽  
Xihan Mu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Area Index

Radial and Tangential Diameter Variation of Wood Cells Within Trees of Acer Pseudoplatanus

IAWA Journal ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Diameter Variation ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Cambial Zone

Variations in wood cell shape within trees of Acer pseudoplatanus are described. Across growth rings the ratio of radial to tangential vessel diameter was greatest at about mid-ring, possibly associated with potential for expansion offered by the width of the cambial zone. Down sterns the ratio of radial to tangential diameter of fibres and vessels was greatest towards the tip and base of the tree. Along branches the ratio of radial to tangential vessel diameter decreased from tip to base. This variation in cell shape down sterns and branches appeared to be due to more rapid changes in tangential than radial cell diameter. It is suggested that variation in tangential fibre diameter resulted from variation in tangential diameter of cambial initials, and tangential expansion of vessels may have arisen from curvature of radial walls. The possible adaptive advantage to trees of reduced vessel diameter at the base of sterns and branches is discussed.

Effects of drought stress on hydraulic architecture of seedlings from five populations of green ash

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2158-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Durland L. Shumway ◽  
Kim C. Steiner ◽  
Marc D. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Conductivity ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Hydraulic Architecture ◽  
Leaf Specific Conductivity ◽  
Plant Hydraulic Architecture

Two-year-old seedlings of green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., representing five native populations from an east to west precipitation gradient, were grown under contrasting moisture regimes in the greenhouse. At midsummer and the end of the growing season, leaf areas, earlywood and latewood transverse areas, and several structural attributes of the xylem hydraulic system were compared between well-watered and drought-stressed seedlings. Xylem hydraulic capacity was essentially fixed by midsummer. Drought significantly reduced both earlywood and latewood production but had no significant effect on potentially functional xylem area (Apf) or flow velocity (v). The principal effect of drought on hydraulic architecture was a significant reduction in leaf area and therefore the ratios of potentially functional xylem area to unit leaf area (Apf to A1) and leaf specific conductivity (LSC). In contrast, populations differed significantly in all measured parameters, especially under drought conditions. Path analysis of LSC and its component variables revealed that treatment differences in LSC arose primarily through differences in A1; contributions from variation in Apf and especially flow velocity were relatively minor. In contrast, population variation in LSC could be attributed in roughly equal measure to variation in Apf and A1, and to a lesser degree to variation in flow velocity. The covariance between A1 and Apf was important for both treatment and population variation in LSC, suggesting a fundamental physiological linkage between these two aspects of plant hydraulic architecture. Among populations, high flow velocity tended to be associated with low Apf to A1 values, thereby minimizing population differences in the composite character LSC. Populations differed significantly in all attributes studied, in one environment or another, but those at either end of the precipitation gradient did not differ in several presumably important structural attributes. Although plant hydraulic architecture is genetically controlled and variable in green ash seedlings, its adaptive significance cannot be considered in isolation from other factors that control plant response to water stress. Key words: leaf specific conductivity, ecotypic variation, xylem structure.

Estimation of forest leaf area index using terrestrial laser scanning data and path length distribution model in open-canopy forests

2018 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Chen ◽  
Wuming Zhang ◽  
Ronghai Hu ◽  
Jianbo Qi ◽  
Jie Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Open Canopy

scholarly journals Estimating the leaf area of an individual tree in urban areas using terrestrial laser scanner and path length distribution model

2018 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghai Hu ◽  
Elena Bournez ◽  
Shiyu Cheng ◽  
Hailan Jiang ◽  
Françoise Nerry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
Individual Tree

Using Airborne Laser Scanner and Path Length Distribution Model to Quantify Clumping Effect and Estimate Leaf Area Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 3196-3209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghai Hu ◽  
Guangjian Yan ◽  
Francoise Nerry ◽  
Yunshu Liu ◽  
Yumeng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanner ◽  
Airborne Laser
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