6 Marine Environmental Threats from Shipping

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison James
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Global Level ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marine Environmental ◽  
Ballast Water Management

The prevention of pollution from ships as a topic is largely addressed at the global level through the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Chapter 6 analyses the main treaties in this field, including the International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL Convention), the International Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS Convention), the International Convention on Ballast Water Management, and the International Convention on Anti-Fouling Substances. The analysis addresses both the types of rules employed in the IMO treaties and the processes through which the rules are amended and updated over time. The standards prescribed by these treaties are not only relevant to their Parties but also have a wider influence through the operation of rules of reference contained in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The chapter also takes into account the emergence of broader concerns relating to the impact of shipping on marine biodiversity, such as noise pollution and ship strikes and the challenges in the implementation and enforcement of international shipping standards.

4 Land-Based Sources of Marine Pollution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison James
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
Marine Environmental ◽  
Different Levels

Chapter 4 addresses the major international instruments that have been adopted to address land-based sources of marine pollution. This category includes industrial, agricultural, and urban discharges, which are amongst the most serious causes of marine environmental degradation, as well as some of the most difficult to regulate. The chapter begins by reviewing the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and how they apply to land-based activities. It then explores the range of other instruments that have been negotiated on the topic. At the global level, the analysis covers the Global Programme of Action, the POPs Convention, and the Mercury Convention. The most detailed regulations are seen at the regional level, and, therefore, the chapter explains the manner in which regional institutions have developed and overseen a variety of rules and standards to address this threat. The interaction of these different levels is also taken into account, using a case study of marine litter.

scholarly journals ANALISA TEKNIS DAN EKONOMIS PEMILIHAN MANAJEMEN AIR BALLAS PADA KAPAL (SHIP BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT) DI INDONESIA

Kapal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sholikhan Arif ◽  
Hesty Anita Kurniawati ◽  
M. Nurul Misbah
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
International Maritime Organization ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
International Convention ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Ship Ballast Water ◽  
Ballast Water Management

Peraturan yang mengatur dan manajemen dari air ballas dikeluarkan oleh IMO (International Maritime Organization) melalui konvensi Manajemen air ballas. Konvensi tersebut menyatakan bahwa organisme yang berbahaya terhadap lingkungan, kesehatan manusia, properti atau sumber daya merusak keanekaragaman hayati atau mengganggu pemanfaatan terhadap suatu area jika dilepaskan di air laut. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden No. 132 tahun 2015 mengenai pengesahan Konvensi internasional untuk pengendalian dan manajemen air ballas dan sedimen dari kapal 2004 (The  International Convention for the control and management of ships ballast water and sediment’s 2004). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa sejauh mana kesiapan Indonesia dalam ratifikasi peraturan (come into force) Ballast water Management serta dampak yang diakibatkan setelah peraturan tersebut diratifikasi. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 3 pendekatan yaitu dari aspek hukum, aspek teknis dan aspek ekonomis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2010 tentang Perlindungan Lingkungan Maritim sebagai jabaran dari Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran, telah sejalan dengan Konvensi Internasional untuk Pengendalian dan Manajemen Air Ballas dan Sedimen dari Kapal, 2004 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 1985 tentang pengesahan United Nations Convention on the LAW of the Sea (UNCLOS). Serta Penggunaan sistem manajemen air ballas untuk kapal di perairan Indonesia lebih efektif dan efisien menggunakan filtration + electrolysis

Protecting the Malacca and Singapore Straits from Ships’ Atmospheric Emissions through the Implementation of marpol Annex vi

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary George ◽  
Abdul Samad Shaik Osman ◽  
Hanafi Hussin ◽  
Anneliz Reina George
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Marine Environmental Protection ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Legally Binding Regulations ◽  
Marine Environmental

The International Maritime Organization (imo) adopted legally binding regulations for the control of ships’ atmospheric emissions under Annex vi of the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973/78. With Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia being States Parties thereto, consequently, one of the effects in the Malacca and Singapore Straits is that it enables the Straits States, together with the imo, to designate emission control areas for the approximately 75,000 ships transiting annually. This article examines the robust provisions of Annex vi for the marine environmental protection of the Straits and the contentious debates preceding an otherwise dead-locked technology-transfer resolution for implementing Annex vi. If implemented, Annex vi provisions will represent a unique milestone in the protection of the marine environment of the Straits which is regulated by the restrictive provisions of Part iii of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

scholarly journals TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENENGGELAMAN KAPAL ASING MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 45 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PERIKANAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Septin Puspoayu ◽  
Bunga Nurani ◽  
Esti Wulan Trityas ◽  
Maulida Indah Sari ◽  
Mayang Chandra Gita Siti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Amendment to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 with Law No. 17 the Year 1985 makes Indonesia have the right to utilize, conservation, and manage fish resources in Indonesia's exclusive economic zone and the high seas. Such rights are exercised under applicable international terms or standards. Therefore, legislation was made related to the sinking of illegal fishing vessels in Indonesian territorial waters through Law No. 45 of 2009 on Fisheries. Indonesia's high wealth of marine resources does not run following all layers' expectations after illegal fishing. However, the juridical consequences of applying the law have several impacts, namely the impact of sinking foreign vessels on relations with foreign countries and negative-positive effects in the marine environment due to the sinking of foreign vessels illegal fishing actors.

Part III Marine Biodiversity Conservation and Global Ocean Governance, 8 Marine Biodiversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Securing a Sound Law of the Sea Instrument

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicay Fernanda
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Preparatory Committee ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
United Nations Convention

This chapter examines the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). It first provides an overview of the Preparatory Committee (PrepCom), convened by the UN General Assembly to make recommendations on the elements for a possible future multilateral agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The material scope of the PrepCom is constituted by ‘the package’ agreed upon in 2011 and includes the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. The chapter discusses the challenges of the package, focusing on two interlinked dimensions of the package plus the big issue that underlies it. It also considers two main tasks facing PrepCom: the first is to clearly identify all elements of each substantive set of issues composing the package, and the second task is to understand the implications of each element of these three substantive sets of issues and the inter-linkages between them.

Part I Marine Living Resources and Marine Biodiversity, 2 The Work of the UNESCO-IOC in Respect of Global Ocean Governance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehlers Peter
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission

This chapter focuses on the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), a separate unit of UNESCO, in respect to global ocean governance. The functions of IOC are part of the system of ocean governance, based on 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Its purpose is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services and capacity building, in order to learn more about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. The chapter first provides an overview of IOC’s purpose and organisational structure, its collaboration with international organizations with regard to ocean governance, and its ocean governance-related activities before discussing the ways in which it contributes to capacity building and enhancing ocean governance.

20 Regional Fisheries Management Organizations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayfuse Rosemary
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations ◽  
Regional Fisheries Management

This chapter assesses the contribution of Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) to the achievement of the principles of conservation and cooperation articulated in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). It begins with a brief historical introduction to the institutionalisation of cooperation through RFMOs and an examination of their structural limitations. It then considers the role and contribution of RFMOs in developing the specific content of the obligation to conserve, including the implications for RFMOs of the increasing recognition of the need to protect, conserve, and manage marine biodiversity in general. Finally, it examines the challenges to RFMOs posed by climate change.

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