Book IV Multilateral Diplomacy, Human Rights, and International Organizations, 23 Other International and Regional Organizations: Commonwealth, NATO, Council of Europe, OAS, AU, ASEAN, CIS, Francophonie, Arab League, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Gulf Cooperation Council, OSCE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberts Ivor
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
African Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
The North ◽  
American States ◽  
Arab League ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy

This chapter explores other pertinent international and regional organizations not explored in Chapter 20. These are: the Commonwealth, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Council of Europe, the Organization of American States (OAS), the African Union (AU), the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Francophonie, the Arab League, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). These organizations are formed with myriad goals in mind: for economic and trade purposes, for exercising human rights, for ensuring security, among others. The organizations explored in this chapter also encompass a diverse set of regions and geographies. Each organization is discussed here in terms of its structures, influence, historical backgrounds, membership, and functions.

5. Regional protection of human rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Rhona K. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
African Union ◽  
Organization Of American States ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
American States ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This chapter examines the rationale behind developing regional protection of human rights. It discusses the advantages of regional systems then overviews the three principal regional systems that promote human rights: the Organization of American States, the Council of Europe, and the African Union, before outlining other regional initiatives.

6. Regional protection of human rights

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhona K. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
African Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Regional Systems ◽  
American States ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This chapter examines the rationale behind developing regional protection of human rights. It discusses the advantages of regional systems then overviews the three principal regional systems that promote human rights: the Organisation of American States, the Council of Europe, and the African Union, before outlining other regional initiatives.

Council of Europe

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
German Federal Republic ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
European Code ◽  
The North Atlantic

The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, together with representatives of the German Federal Republic and the Saar met at Rome on November 4, 1950 under the chairmanship of Count Sforza (Italy). Prior to the meeting the ministers had agreed that Germany and the Saar should be represented at all meetings of the committee and not only at certain specified times. Two decisions were taken by the ministers: not to discuss the Assembly recommendation for the formation of a European army under a European defense minister; and to approve the convention on human rights. The committee felt that the Atlantic army proposed by Secretary of State Dean G. Acheson (United States) and the release of the Pleven Plan by France had overshadowed the Assembly recommendation. The matter was being discussed by the North Atlantic Pact Organization and the ministers believed that it was better to leave the question to be handled by the governments rather than risk a clash of views in the Council of Europe. Furthermore, the ministers agreed to establish a refugee office within the Secretariat and to encourage the drafting of a European Code of Social Security. The ministers were also sympathetic to the need for revision of the Statute to allow for ”specialized authorities” within the framework of the Council of Europe.

scholarly journals Modes of Understanding of the Religion “Object” in North Atlantic Modernity

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-377
Author(s):  
Stewart M. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
Religion And Media ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Nationalism And Identity

Abstract Recent struggles over the implications of migration have fueled transformational politics on both sides of the Atlantic. At the center of this are questions of identity, value, long-standing standards of human rights and even enlightenment categories of modernity. Both religion and media play central – even determinative – roles in these debates. This article will argue that scholarships focused on identity “imaginaries” are critical to understanding these discourses and this politics. This scholarship must inquire into both “sides” of migration, both the conceptual worlds of those who wish to move, and the conceptual worlds of those who receive (or attempt to not receive) them. This article will look at the latter through a deep historicist inquiry into the mediation of Protestantism as a central determinative force in the establishment of contemporary conditions of politics in relation to migration in the North Atlantic West. Protestantism’s role in European modernity is well-known, as is its deep interconnection with evolving technologies and means of communication and practices of mediation. This article seeks to understand religion-inflected discourses of nationalism and identity as functions of Protestant social and media instrumentality.

7. Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhona K. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Relevant Work

This chapter examines the regional organizations with jurisdiction over human rights in Europe, focusing on the Council of Europe, and describes relevant work of the European Union and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. It highlights the success of the Council of Europe in developing a system which ensures the protection of basic human rights through a judicial mechanism, and concludes that the European Convention on Human Rights has matured into the most sophisticated and effective human rights treaty in the world.

National Government and International Government

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-549
Author(s):  
Max Beloff
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
National Government ◽  
Western World ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
General Feeling ◽  
The North Atlantic

In a year which sees the tenth anniversary of both the Council of Europe and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) there are a number of good reasons for looking again at some aspects of the problems of these organizations of limited membership. The most important reason is that there is a general feeling in the western world that neither the “European” organizations nor NATO are working as well as might have been hoped, and that there is probably a good deal of room for improvement even within the limits set by the present public attitudes toward the counter-claims of “integration” and “national sovereignty” in the countries concerned.

The African Union and the Advancement of Democracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-91
Author(s):  
Adem K Abebe ◽  
Charles M Fombad
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
African Union ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Governmental Power ◽  
Venice Commission ◽  
Coups D'etat

The African Union (AU) has as one of its goals the promotion and protection of democracy, human rights, and constitutionalism. A critical element of this goal is the rejection of unconstitutional changes of government (UCG), particularly in the form of coups d’état. While there have been some inconsistencies, the AU has rejected coups d’état and called for the reinstatement of democratic dispensations. Nevertheless, the UCG framework has been unable to stem subtler mechanisms of retaining power, such as the suspension of elections or the imposition of ostensibly proper constitutional reform initiatives. This chapter calls for increased attention to the latter forms of extending governmental power. Specifically, it recommends the establishment of formal mechanisms through which the AU can engage directly and offer assistance at moments when reform proposals are debated so as to ensure that domestic actors take cognizance of both the relevant AU frameworks and the comparative continental and global experience. Such a mechanism would be comparable in its workings to the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

1957 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-563
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The North ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Grand Design

At its meeting in Paris on December 13, 1956, the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), as was reported in April 1957, heard Mr. Selwyn Lloyd explain in general terms his “grand design” for Europe, which was later presented to the Council of Europe at Strasbourg. The principles of his grand design, according to Mr. Lloyd, were the maintenance of the unity of NATO and the expansion of European integration to include not only the federation of France, west Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries, but also such states as Austria, Yugoslavia, Switzerland, Sweden and Finland. Three elements were contained in the plan: the politico-strategic, the economic, and the parliamentary. In the politico-strategic field, Mr. Lloyd stated that development depended chiefly upon the development of NATO in the direction of closer consultation, as recommended by the Committee of Three of the Council of NATO. In the economic field, it was the view of the United Kingdom government that so far the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was the basic channel for the development of the closest economic relations, and that it would be desirable for the machinery which would be set up for the European free trade area to be part of OEEC. Mr. Lloyd proposed, in connection with parliamentary matters, that one assembly be established for the Council of Europe, Western European Union (WEU), NATO, OEEC, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), Euratom, the Common Market, and the free trade area, as well as for any European organizations which might be established in the future.

Fight against terrorism and human rights in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Skurko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Rights Issues

The article analyzes contemporary problems of the fight against terrorism in Europe in the context of human rights protection. The human rights issues acquired a new dimension after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States, which fundamentally changed the attitude towards terrorism and the fight against it around the world. Today, the European perspective on the protection of human rights in the context of the fight against terrorism remains within the framework of the UN approaches and is mainly developed in such international regional organizations as the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and the European Union (EU) system. The European states have undertaken to implement all necessary measures to protect human rights and freedoms, including – and especially – against terrorist acts. All measures taken in the fight against terrorism in Europe should be based on the observance of human rights, as well as the rule of law, including elimination of all forms of arbitrariness and discrimination, and be subject to supervisory procedures. The latest counter-terrorism strategies in Europe are based on the principles of inclusiveness and assume that a welcoming society in which the rights of everyone are fully respected is a society where terrorism cannot find a place and take root, and it will be more difficult for potential terrorists to be radicalized and recruited. However, in tactical terms, the emphasis in the fight against terrorism is often made on strengthening control over individuals, which causes concerns of the society and human rights activists. In contemporary conditions, the fight against terrorism requires additional state guarantees, investments in social cohesion, education, and the development of relationships, so that everyone can feel that their personality is respected and that the society fully accepts them.

The EU’s engagement with non-European regional organisations on human rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-227
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Salmon ◽  
Magnus Killander
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
African Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
American States ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
European Regional ◽  
Positive Results

The chapter introduces the human rights work of the regional inter-governmental organisations highlighted in the European Union (EU) Strategic Framework on Human Rights and Democracy and discusses the EU’s mandate to engage with these organisations and how this engagement takes place in practice, with a focus on the EU’s engagement with the two regional organisations with the most developed human rights systems outside Europe, the African Union (AU), and the Organization of American States (OAS). The chapter finds that although EU human rights cooperation with regional organisations yields essentially positive results, several challenges remain in relation to the conceptualisation of human rights and democracy, the ownership of the human rights agenda, the coherence in the areas of cooperation, the consistency of the financial aid, and the lack of transparency regarding the results of the financial support.

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