Part II The New EU Prospectus Rules, 12 The Summary and Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Have Robert ten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Member States ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
The One

This chapter addresses the prospectus summary and risk factors. Based on the aim of the new Prospectus Regulation to further harmonize prospectuses across Member States, the new format for the summary is highly prescriptive and standardized, with a strong focus on accessibility. The summary format includes the entitlement of the sub-sections in the form of questions. A separate Commission delegated regulation contains regulatory technical standards to specify the content and format of presentation of the key financial information to be included in the summary. From an issuer's perspective, when drawing up the prospectus, there may be a tension between on the one hand the (new) requirement that the summary shall be ‘accurate, fair and not misleading’, and on the other that the summary needs to be ‘concise’ and is bound to a maximum length. In addition, the new Prospectus Regulation applies an overall cap of 15 for the number of risk factors that may be included in the summary. In view of the maximum length requirement and the capped number of risk factors, issuers and their advisers will need to make choices as to what to include or not include in the summary, which may bring concerns about ensuing liability.

scholarly journals Time for a shift in focus in schizophrenia: From narrow phenotypes to broad endophenotypes

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Weiser ◽  
Jim van Os ◽  
Michael Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Social Impairments ◽  
Biological Explanation ◽  
Biological Substrate ◽  
The One

SummaryMany manifestations of mental illness, risk factors, course and even response to treatment are shared by several diagnostic groups. For example, cognitive and social impairments are present to some degree in most DSM and ICD diagnostic groups. The idea that diagnostic boundaries of mental illness, including schizophrenia, have to be redefined is reinforced by recent findings indicating that on the one hand multiple genetic factors, each exerting a small effect, come together to manifest as schizophrenia, and on the other hand, depending on interaction with the environment, the same genetic variations can present as diverse clinical phenotypes. Rather than attempting to find a unitary biological explanation for a DSM construct of schizophrenia, it would be reasonable to deconstruct it into the most basic manifestations, some of which are common with other DSM constructs, such as cognitive or social impairment, and then investigate the biological substrate of these manifestations.

scholarly journals The European Union's policy on human rights and Chinese sovereignism: The case of Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-86
Author(s):  
Dragan Trailovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The One ◽  
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region ◽  
Rights Issues ◽  
The Eu

The article explores the European Union's approach to human rights issues in China through the processes of bilateral and multilateral dialogue on human rights between the EU and the People's Republic of China, on the one hand. On the other hand, the paper deals with the analysis of the EU's human rights policy in the specific case of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, which is examined through normative and political activities of the EU, its institutions and individual member states. Besides, the paper examines China's response to the European Union's human rights approaches, in general, but also when it comes to the specific case of UAR Xinjiang. ?his is done through a review of China's discourse and behaviour within the EU-China Human Rights Dialogue framework, but also at the UN level and within the framework of bilateral relations with individual member states. The paper aims to show whether and how the characteristics of the EU's general approach to human rights in China are reflected in the individual case of Xinjiang. Particular attention shall be given to the differentiation of member states in terms of their approach to human rights issues in China, which is conditioned by the discrepancy between their political values, normative interests and ideational factors, on the one hand, and material factors and economic interests, on the other. Also, the paper aims to show the important features of the different views of the European Union and the Chinese state on the very role of Human Rights Dialogue, as well as their different understandings of the concept of human rights itself. The study concluded that the characteristics of the Union's general approach to human rights in China, as well as the different perceptions of human rights issues between China and the EU, were manifested in the same way in the case of UAR Xinjiang.

Variable Geometry or Concentric Circles: Patterns for the European Union

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Usher
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
European Court ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
The One

Once upon a time, a Professor of European Institutions, at least if a lawyer by training, could simply assert that the European Communities are based on the rule of law, that they create institutions with autonomous powers, which are able to issue legislation binding as law throughout every member State of the Community, and that they create courts which have power to exercise judicial control over a complex network of relationships between the Community institutions, the member States and private citizens. While these statements are still true, however, they must now be laced in a rather more complex context. Furthermore, there is a contrast between on the one hand the intensification (to borrow a word from the Common Agricultural Policy) of certain fundamenta s of the EC legal order in the recent case law of the European Court, and on the other hand attempts by member States to escape this through non-EC forms of cooperation in the framework of the European Union, the development of the idea that not all the rules of the EC Treaty apply to all the member States, and the entry by the majority of the member States into a separate Treaty, the Schengen Agreement, dealing with matters which might be thought to fall under the EC Treaty or the Home Affairs and Justice pillar of the Treaty on European Union—all of which might generically be referred to as variable geometry. In the other direction, it may be observed that large amounts of substantive

The Withdrawal of the U.N. Force from the Congo: a note for the historical record

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
George L. Sherry
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Member States ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

Much of the literature, scholarly and journalistic, about certain aspects of the United Nations operation in the Congo has been marked by the twin short. comings of a lack of authentic information on the one hand and the ignoring of such information, even where it is readily available, on the other.There is not much that can be done for the time being about the lack of information, especially in view of the confidential relationship of the United Nations Secretariat with Member States, which inevitably means that the Secretary-General's position often to some extent goes by default before public opinion. This is a pity, but the Secretariat obviously could not operate if governments could not rely on its discretion, which they are entitled to take for granted.

scholarly journals Approbation of Models and Legislation in Accommodation Infrastructure for Soldiers from Land Forces Army Compatible with Models and Legislation in Member States of the Alliance

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Stefan Filipov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Member States ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military

Abstract The membership of the country in the Euro-Atlantic structures, the professionalization of the Armed Forces and their participation in joint operations put the Bulgarian Army in front of the necessity to comply with the rules for communal-household provision applied in the NATO member states. As the resource constraint of the Military Budget, determined by the economic potential of the country, does not allow the construction of new military infrastructure objects, the current models for modernization, maintenance and utilization of the military infrastructure in the part of the communal-household provision of the Armed Forces are proposed. The implementation of the presented models is in response to solve problems in improving the maintenance and using military infrastructure elements. On the one hand, the applicability of the models requires the development of scientifically-based norms and legislation for the communal-household provision of the servicemen and on the other hand, it responds to the requirements for improving the quality of life of military personnel in the context of continuous structural reforms and transformations

scholarly journals La relación accionista-empresa en internet: análisis desde el enfoque de confianza

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
María del Mar Alonso Almeida ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

During the last decade there has been a break of trust of the shareholders to the company. Several factors converge to bring this breakthrough on the one hand, certain abuses of the “creative” reflected in an excessive “make-up” of the financial information and on the other hand, poor practices among some market players that have resulted in distrust and uncertainty about the present and the prospects for future. The aim of this paper is analyze trust between shareholders and companies and provide a model of communication via Internet to contribute to build confidence between them.

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