Part VII Structure and Operations, Ch.43 Organizational Culture

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Stephen C ◽  
Weaver Catherine
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Political Power ◽  
World Today ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Material Interests ◽  
Complex Forms

This chapter argues that attention to organizational culture, in addition to other explanatory factors, can greatly enrich how we understand and explain the complex forms, functions, and dynamics of international organizations (IOs) in the world today. It begins by conceptualizing organizational culture in a way that is amenable to observation and analysis. It then demonstrates how and when culture matters, and how much culture matters, especially in relation to factors such as political power and material interests. Finally, it discusses problems of measurement and inference in the study of IO cultures. Not only is it important to make the case for why we must pay attention to organizational culture in the study of IOs, but we must also make a clear and persuasive case for how we study organizational culture.

State by Proxy: Privatized Government in the Andes

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Krupa
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
State Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
African Countries ◽  
World Today ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
State Functions

Recent ethnographic work on the state has exposed a crack in one of the founding myths of modern political power. Despite the state's transcendental claim to wielding absolute, exclusive authority within national territory, scholars have shown that in much of the world there are, in fact, “too many actors competing to perform as state,” sites where various power blocs “are acting as the state and producing the same powerful effects” (Aretxaga 2003: 396, 398) Achille Mbembe (2001: 74), writing of the external fiscal controls imposed upon African countries during the late 1980s, has termed this a condition of “fractionated sovereignty”—the dispersal of official state functions among various non-state actors. There is, as Mbembe suggests, “nothing particularly African” about this situation (ibid.). Around the world, the power of various “shadow” organizations like arms dealers and paramilitary groups seems increasingly to depend upon their ability to out-perform the state in many of its definitive functions, from the provision of security and welfare to the collection of taxes and administration of justice (Nugent 1999; Nordstrom 2004; Hansen 2005). These observations present a serious challenge to conventional state theory. They force us to consider whether such conditions of fragmented, competitive statecraft might be better understood not as deviant exceptions to otherwise centralized political systems but, rather, as the way that government is actually experienced in much of the world today.

scholarly journals The Role of the Foreign Trade in the Development of Contemporary Supernational Structures in the Age of Globalization 4.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-196
Author(s):  
Maria Balashova ◽  
Irina Tsvigun
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Complex Forms

In the age of globalization 4.0, the problem of insufficient preparation of supranational structures for leveling the negative consequences of the integration of information technologies into all spheres of human activity is becoming more acute, which puts on the agenda the question of the real effectiveness of their activities. There is no alternative to establishing and deepening the information type of society in both the medium and long term. International organizations and companies, as well as integration associations, should take into account the relevant changes taking place in the world economy in the organization of their activities. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of foreign trade in the development of modern supranational structures and to identify among them those which can really cope with the challenges of globalization 4.0. The research methodology was based on the basic principles of synthesis and analysis of data on 35 countries of the world from different continents and with different levels of economic development, which either have maintained stable positions in the level and quality of life of the population over the past decades, or those that have managed to make the transition from a country with a developing economy to a developed one. The authors tried to identify the influence of the foreign trade activities of the member states of supranational structures on the success of their development. The result of the study was the identification of stronger positions of international companies and integration associations that have achieved complex forms of cooperation over international organizations. It is shown that the main way to achieve the appropriate leadership is the activity of their member countries in foreign trade processes in general, and most importantly — in the export of information technologies, in particular. The latter gives the relevant supranational structures unique unlimited benefits, and their participants the opportunity to preserve their so­vereignty and guarantee national security.

THE CIVILIAN IN MODERN WAR

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 13-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Asymmetric Conflicts ◽  
Modern War ◽  
Widespread View

AbstractThere is a widespread view that civilians are worse off in today' wars than ever before. Civilians are often deliberately targeted by belligerents or are victims of ‘collateral damage’. They form the majority of victims of landmines. They are used as human shields. They are displaced from their homes, even from their country. They are affected, often more than soldiers, by the pestilence, famine and displacement that wars bring in their wake. They are often particularly vulnerable in the types of war that are most prevalent in the world today – including civil wars and asymmetric conflicts. Children are forced to become soldiers. How can it be that the lot of civilians in war remains so dire, when so much attention has been paid to the protection of civilians in war – not just in international treaties, but in the work of international organizations and also that of numerous humanitarian bodies?

Reciprocity among “Decent Folk”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
World Today ◽  
Mutual Advantage ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Aspect ◽  
Complex Forms

This chapter talks about the principal defining characteristic of the democracy of everyday life: rough parity in give and take among neighbors. Reciprocity among “decent folk” fleshes out this facet of the democracy of everyday life, for “decent folk” carries a distinctive understanding of equality for the purposes of living side by side. Moreover, reciprocity cannot be reduced to the idea of mutual advantage because it has a fundamentally social and moral aspect: the shared project of a well ordered society. Historically and in some parts of the world today, reciprocity does shape many social interactions. But social scientists characterize it as the prelude to more complex forms of coordination and developed institutions.

Universal Values and Muslim Democracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anwar Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
World Today ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Dignified Life

This study deals with Universal Values and Muslim Democracy. This essay draws upon speeches that he gave at the New York Democ- racy Forum in December 2005 and the Assembly of the World Movement for Democracy in Istanbul in April 2006. The emergence of Muslim democracies is something significant and worthy of our attention. Yet with the clear exceptions of Indonesia and Turkey, the Muslim world today is a place where autocracies and dictatorships of various shades and degrees continue their parasitic hold on the people, gnawing away at their newfound freedoms. It concludes that the human desire to be free and to lead a dignified life is universal. So is the abhorrence of despotism and oppression. These are passions that motivate not only Muslims but people from all civilizations.

St Thomas More : Utopia and the World Today

Moreana ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (Number 98-9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Laura Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Thomas More ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World

The Irresistible Rise of Asian Cinema 1

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Pratley
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Wave ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Exciting Development ◽  
Asian Cinema

PRODUCTION ACTIVITY It was not so many years ago it seems when speaking of motion pictures from Asia meant Japanese films as represented by Akira Kurosawa and films from India made by Satyajit Ray. But suddenly time passes and now we are impressed and immersed in the flow of films from Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, South Korea, the Philippines, with Japan a less significant player, and India and Pakistan more prolific than ever in making entertainment for the mass audience. No one has given it a name or described it as "New Wave," it is simply Asian Cinema -- the most exciting development in filmmaking taking place in the world today. In China everything is falling apart yet it manages to hold together, nothing works yet it keeps on going, nothing is ever finished or properly maintained, and yes, here time does wait for every man. But as far...

Engineering knowledge: philosophy and ponstructive meanig

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
V. I. Onoprienko
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Practical Rationality ◽  
Engineering Knowledge ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Area

An expansion of information technologies in the world today is caused by progress of instrumental knowledge. It has been arisen a special technological area of knowledge engineering, which is related to practical rationality and experts’ knowledge for solving urgent problems of science and practice.

The dilemmas of the Israeli reality and the choice of war

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Bashir Hadi Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Arab World ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The Arab-Israeli conflict is among the longest and most complex conflicts in the world today, a conflict that transcends borders or a difference of influence. It is a struggle for existence in every sense. Since the establishment of Israel in 1948, one of the regional forces whose political movement is determined by the Arab world has become the result of the internal and external factors and changes that affect it. This entity is hostile to the Arabs, Which would have a negative impact on the regional strategic situation.

Interfaith Families

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Halima Krausen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
New Normal ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Interfaith Marriages ◽  
Plural Society

In our plural society, interfaith marriages and multicultural families have become a new normal and are either considered problematic for the religious communities or welcomed as a contribution to a secular and more peaceful world. In the course of my work with European Muslims, I could accompany such families through a few generations. In this article, I am going to outline some typical challenges and crises in such relationships and their effects on young people growing up in mixed families, adding my observations of how they can be dealt with. Ultimately, there is a chance that, through dialogue, it provides a meaningful learning environment that prepares young people for the diverse reality of the world today.

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