Depression

2018 ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

The chapter discusses depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD) or dysthymia. These disorders are marked by severe, prolonged episodes of dejected mood and/or loss of interest and pleasure in rewarding activities (anhedonia), and may be accompanied by somatic symptoms involving sleep, appetite, and so on. After an overview of these disorders, their developmental features, and the main risk factors identified in the epidemiological literature, the chapter critically reviews existing evolutionary models and suggests new directions for research. The final section applies the criteria developed earlier in the book to classify the disorders within the fast-slow-defense (FSD) model. The author concludes that depressive disorders can be classified as a defense activation (D-type) conditions.

Suicide

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Cukrowicz ◽  
Erin K. Poindexter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Recent Treatment

Suicide is a significant concern for clinicians working with clients experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous research has indicated that MDD is the diagnosis more frequently associated with suicide, with approximately two-thirds of those who die by suicide suffering from depression at the time of death by suicide. This chapter reviews data regarding the prevalence of suicidal behavior among those with depressive disorders. It then reviews risk factors for suicide ideation, self-injury, and death by suicide. Finally, the chapter provides an empirical overview of treatment studies aimed at decreasing risk for suicide, as well as an overview of several recent treatment approaches showing promise in the reduction of suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals Depressive Disorders

Psychology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence P. Riso ◽  
Matthew Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

Depression is distinguished from ordinary sadness by its greater duration, severity, and impact on functioning. It is a highly prevalent condition, often with an early onset. Nearly a quarter of all individuals will experience a diagnosable depression at some point in their lifetimes. The early onset and recurrent nature of depression contribute to making it the most burdensome illness in the entire world, according to the World Health Organization. Over the last thirty years, the diagnosis of depression has changed little. Since 1980, every edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has included a category for severe acute depression (i.e., “major depression” or “major depressive disorder”) and a category for chronic depression (i.e., “dysthymia,” “dysthymic disorder,” or “persistent depressive disorder”). The current edition of the DSM (DSM-5) includes two main categories, “major depressive disorder” and “persistent depressive disorder.” Owing, perhaps, to its high prevalence rate and societal impact, depression is very well studied.

Risk factors for dementia are not associated with cognitive dysfunction in young people with major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Donix ◽  
Robert Haussmann ◽  
Franziska Helling ◽  
Anne Zweiniger ◽  
Annett Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals An Underlying Common Factor, Influenced by Genetics and Unique Environment, Explains the Covariation Between Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Burnout: A Swedish Twin Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mather ◽  
Victoria Blom ◽  
Gunnar Bergström ◽  
Pia Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Common Pathway

Depression and anxiety are highly comorbid due to shared genetic risk factors, but less is known about whether burnout shares these risk factors. We aimed to examine whether the covariation between major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and burnout is explained by common genetic and/or environmental factors. This cross-sectional study included 25,378 Swedish twins responding to a survey in 2005–2006. Structural equation models were used to analyze whether the trait variances and covariances were due to additive genetics, non-additive genetics, shared environment, and unique environment. Univariate analyses tested sex limitation models and multivariate analysis tested Cholesky, independent pathway, and common pathway models. The phenotypic correlations were 0.71 (0.69–0.74) between MDD and GAD, 0.58 (0.56–0.60) between MDD and burnout, and 0.53 (0.50–0.56) between GAD and burnout. Heritabilities were 45% for MDD, 49% for GAD, and 38% for burnout; no statistically significant sex differences were found. A common pathway model was chosen as the final model. The common factor was influenced by genetics (58%) and unique environment (42%), and explained 77% of the variation in MDD, 69% in GAD, and 44% in burnout. GAD and burnout had additive genetic factors unique to the phenotypes (11% each), while MDD did not. Unique environment explained 23% of the variability in MDD, 20% in GAD, and 45% in burnout. In conclusion, the covariation was explained by an underlying common factor, largely influenced by genetics. Burnout was to a large degree influenced by unique environmental factors not shared with MDD and GAD.

The Unified Protocol for Major Depressive Disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
James F. Boswell ◽  
Laren R. Conklin ◽  
Jennifer M. Oswald ◽  
Matteo Bugatti
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
High Level ◽  
Future Work

Major depressive disorder (MDD) can be a chronic, debilitating condition that for many individuals waxes and wanes over time. In addition, MDD and other unipolar depressive disorders demonstrate a high level of comorbidity with anxiety disorders. This chapter describes the application of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) to MDD and other unipolar depressive disorders. We first review research supporting the association between depression and higher-order constructs such as neuroticism. Next, we present a clinical case that, combined with module-specific recommendations, further illustrates how UP principles and strategies are implemented in the treatment of primary depression. Finally, we offer recommendations for future work involving the UP for major depression and other depressive disorders.

Panic and Agoraphobia

2018 ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Confined Spaces ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Developmental Features

The chapter discusses panic disorder and agoraphobia. Panic disorder is defined by recurring panic attacks, dramatic episodes in which a surge of autonomic activity is accompanied by rapidly escalating levels of fear and distress. Agoraphobia is the persistent fear of open or confined spaces, which often develops as a secondary response to panic attacks. After an overview of these disorders, their developmental features, and the main risk factors identified in the epidemiological literature, the chapter critically reviews existing evolutionary models and suggests new directions for research. The final section applies the criteria developed earlier in the book to classify the disorders within the FSD model. The author concludes that panic and agoraphobia can be classified as defense activation (D-type) conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document