Suicide

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Cukrowicz ◽  
Erin K. Poindexter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Recent Treatment

Suicide is a significant concern for clinicians working with clients experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous research has indicated that MDD is the diagnosis more frequently associated with suicide, with approximately two-thirds of those who die by suicide suffering from depression at the time of death by suicide. This chapter reviews data regarding the prevalence of suicidal behavior among those with depressive disorders. It then reviews risk factors for suicide ideation, self-injury, and death by suicide. Finally, the chapter provides an empirical overview of treatment studies aimed at decreasing risk for suicide, as well as an overview of several recent treatment approaches showing promise in the reduction of suicidal behavior.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Attempted Suicide in Adult War-Affected Population of Eastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Helen A. Weiss ◽  
Margaret Mungherera ◽  
Patrick Onyango-Mangen ◽  
Emmanuel Ngabirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Background: There is conflicting evidence on the relationship between war trauma and suicidal behavior. Some studies point to an increased risk of suicidal behavior while others do not, with a paucity of such data from sub-Saharan Africa. Aims: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of attempted suicide in war-affected Eastern Uganda. Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in two districts of Eastern Uganda where 1,560 respondents (15 years and older) were interviewed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess risk factors of attempted suicide in this population. Results: Lifetime attempted suicide was 9.2% (n = 142; 95% CI, 7.8%–10.8%), and 12-month attempted suicide was 2.6% (n = 41; 95% CI, 1.9–3.5%). Lifetime attempted suicide was significantly higher among females 101 (11.1%) than among males 43 (6.5%; OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.21–2.65). Factors independently associated with lifetime rate of attempted suicide among females were subcounty, being a victim of intimate partner violence, having reproductive health complaints, and having major depressive disorder. Among males these were belonging to a war-vulnerable group, having a surgical complaint, and having a major depressive disorder. Conclusions: In both sexes, the lifetime rate of attempted suicide was not independently directly related to experiences of war trauma. It was, however, indirectly related to war trauma through its association with psychological, somatic, and psychosocial sequelae of war.

Depression

2018 ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

The chapter discusses depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD) or dysthymia. These disorders are marked by severe, prolonged episodes of dejected mood and/or loss of interest and pleasure in rewarding activities (anhedonia), and may be accompanied by somatic symptoms involving sleep, appetite, and so on. After an overview of these disorders, their developmental features, and the main risk factors identified in the epidemiological literature, the chapter critically reviews existing evolutionary models and suggests new directions for research. The final section applies the criteria developed earlier in the book to classify the disorders within the fast-slow-defense (FSD) model. The author concludes that depressive disorders can be classified as a defense activation (D-type) conditions.

scholarly journals Depression

Psychology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Bylsma ◽  
Vanessa Panaite
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Developmental Course ◽  
Key Aspects

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly debilitating, chronic, recurrent, and prevalent disorder. This article provides an overview and references covering several key aspects of the disorder. We include discussion of epidemiology, diagnosis and assessment, developmental course and risk factors, treatment, and important associated features (behavioral, interpersonal, biological, neurological, cognitive, emotional, and suicidal behavior) of the disorder. In order to focus the scope of this article, we have chosen to focus primarily on MDD, as it is the most prevalent and well studied of the mood disorders. While depression symptoms occur along a continuum with subclinical levels occurring in the general population, and there are important correlates associated with subclinical levels of depression, we will focus on the clinical levels of depression associated with MDD for the purposes of this article.

Risk factors for dementia are not associated with cognitive dysfunction in young people with major depressive disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Donix ◽  
Robert Haussmann ◽  
Franziska Helling ◽  
Anne Zweiniger ◽  
Annett Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals An Underlying Common Factor, Influenced by Genetics and Unique Environment, Explains the Covariation Between Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Burnout: A Swedish Twin Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mather ◽  
Victoria Blom ◽  
Gunnar Bergström ◽  
Pia Svedberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Common Pathway

Depression and anxiety are highly comorbid due to shared genetic risk factors, but less is known about whether burnout shares these risk factors. We aimed to examine whether the covariation between major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and burnout is explained by common genetic and/or environmental factors. This cross-sectional study included 25,378 Swedish twins responding to a survey in 2005–2006. Structural equation models were used to analyze whether the trait variances and covariances were due to additive genetics, non-additive genetics, shared environment, and unique environment. Univariate analyses tested sex limitation models and multivariate analysis tested Cholesky, independent pathway, and common pathway models. The phenotypic correlations were 0.71 (0.69–0.74) between MDD and GAD, 0.58 (0.56–0.60) between MDD and burnout, and 0.53 (0.50–0.56) between GAD and burnout. Heritabilities were 45% for MDD, 49% for GAD, and 38% for burnout; no statistically significant sex differences were found. A common pathway model was chosen as the final model. The common factor was influenced by genetics (58%) and unique environment (42%), and explained 77% of the variation in MDD, 69% in GAD, and 44% in burnout. GAD and burnout had additive genetic factors unique to the phenotypes (11% each), while MDD did not. Unique environment explained 23% of the variability in MDD, 20% in GAD, and 45% in burnout. In conclusion, the covariation was explained by an underlying common factor, largely influenced by genetics. Burnout was to a large degree influenced by unique environmental factors not shared with MDD and GAD.

The Unified Protocol for Major Depressive Disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
James F. Boswell ◽  
Laren R. Conklin ◽  
Jennifer M. Oswald ◽  
Matteo Bugatti
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Transdiagnostic Treatment ◽  
Unified Protocol ◽  
High Level ◽  
Future Work

Major depressive disorder (MDD) can be a chronic, debilitating condition that for many individuals waxes and wanes over time. In addition, MDD and other unipolar depressive disorders demonstrate a high level of comorbidity with anxiety disorders. This chapter describes the application of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) to MDD and other unipolar depressive disorders. We first review research supporting the association between depression and higher-order constructs such as neuroticism. Next, we present a clinical case that, combined with module-specific recommendations, further illustrates how UP principles and strategies are implemented in the treatment of primary depression. Finally, we offer recommendations for future work involving the UP for major depression and other depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in Patients Diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 1147-1157
Author(s):  
Angélica Gonçalves Peter ◽  
Mariane Lopez Molina ◽  
Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso ◽  
Thaíse Campos Mondin ◽  
Ricardo Azevedo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide
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