Cohesion in Group Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-244
Author(s):  
Gary M. Burlingame ◽  
Debra Theobald McClendon ◽  
Chongming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Weighted Aggregate

Cohesion is the most popular relationship construct in the group therapy literature. This chapter reviews common definitions of cohesion and the most frequently studied measures. The authors also discuss a measure that may clarify group relations using two latent factors (quality and structure) to explain common variance among frequently used group relationship instruments. The results of a meta-analysis examining the relation between group cohesion and treatment outcome in 55 studies are presented. Results indicate that the weighted aggregate correlation between cohesion and treatment outcome was statistically significant r = .26, reflecting a moderate effect size (d = .56). Six moderator variables were found to significantly predict the magnitude of the cohesion–outcome association (type of outcome measure, leader interventions to increase cohesion, theoretical orientation, type of group, emphasis on group interaction, dose or number of group sessions). Patient contributions, diversity considerations, and evidence-based therapeutic practices are highlighted.

Quiet Eye and Performance in Sport: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Lebeau ◽  
Sicong Liu ◽  
Camilo Sáenz-Moncaleano ◽  
Susana Sanduvete-Chaves ◽  
Salvador Chacón-Moscoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Absolute Duration

Research linking the “quiet eye” (QE) period to subsequent performance has not been systematically synthesized. In this paper we review the literature on the link between the two through nonintervention (Synthesis 1) and intervention (Synthesis 2) studies. In the first synthesis, 27 studies with 38 effect sizes resulted in a large mean effect (d = 1.04) reflecting differences between experts’ and novices’ QE periods, and a moderate effect size (d = 0.58) comparing QE periods for successful and unsuccessful performances within individuals. Studies reporting QE duration as a percentage of the total time revealed a larger mean effect size than studies reporting an absolute duration (in milliseconds). The second synthesis of 9 articles revealed very large effect sizes for both the quiet-eye period (d = 1.53) and performance (d = 0.84). QE also showed some ability to predict performance effects across studies.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on diabetes distress: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Guo ◽  
Hongjuan Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Luo ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Yun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect

To review the evidence and determine the factors influencing the effect of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) on diabetes distress. A systematic search of nine databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, VIP Data, SinoMed Data, and Wan Fang Data) was conducted. Randomized controlled trials of MBIs for adults with diabetes that evaluated the effect of the interventions on diabetes distress were retrieved. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Review Manager V.5.3, a Cochrane Collaboration tool. Subgroup analyses were conducted for exploring factors influencing the effect of MBIs on diabetes distress. A total of 10 articles, consisting of eight studies with 649 participants, were included. The results from subgroup analyses on the studies revealed five factors that influenced the effect of MBIs on diabetes distress compared with control group. Participants with elevated baseline diabetes distress showed a moderate effect size of 0.48 of decreasing diabetes distress when receiving MBIs (p=0.005); the MBIs based on mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy alleviated diabetes distress of the participants with a large effect size of 0.58 (p<0.0001); the MBIs delivered in group format decreased the diabetes distress with a moderate effect size of 0.36 (p=0.03); the MBIs with home practice assignment alleviated the diabetes distress with a moderate effect size of 0.42 (p=0.05). The long-term rather than short-term effect of MBIs on diabetes distress reduction has been identified with large effect size of 0.56 (p=0.04). MBIs improve outcomes in adults with diabetes who have elevated diabetes distress at baseline, using mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, using a group format to deliver the intervention, and assigning home practice. MBIs improve diabetes distress significantly more at long-term follow-up compared with short-term follow-up. MBIs could be considered as an adjunct treatment in adults with diabetes to reduce diabetes distress.

Effects of manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture for lateral epicondylalgia of musculoskeletal origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 096452842096736
Author(s):  
Marcos J Navarro-Santana ◽  
Jorge Sanchez-Infante ◽  
Guido F Gómez-Chiguano ◽  
Mike Cummings ◽  
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Lateral Epicondylalgia ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture/electroacupuncture, alone or combined with other interventions, on pain intensity, pain-related disability, and strength in lateral epicondylalgia (LE) of musculoskeletal origin. Databases and data treatment: Electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials, where at least one group received acupuncture or electroacupuncture for LE of musculoskeletal origin. To be eligible, trials had to include humans and collect outcomes on pain intensity or pain-related disability in LE. Data were extracted by two reviewers. The risk of bias (RoB) of the trials was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool, methodological quality was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score, and the level of evidence was summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) using random effects were calculated. Results: A total of 14 trials (10 acupuncture) were included. The meta-analysis found a moderate effect size of acupuncture (SMD = −0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.22 to −0.10), but not electroacupuncture (SMD = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.99 to 0.83), in the reduction of elbow pain as compared to a comparative group. Acupuncture exhibited a significant moderate effect size (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI = −0.91 to −0.11) in the improvement of related-disability. Acupuncture (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.57), but not electroacupuncture (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI = −0.29 to 0.98), exhibited a significant but small effect size on strength. Most significant effects were in the short term. The RoB was low but the heterogeneity of trial results led to a downgrading of the GRADE evidence level. Conclusion: Low-level evidence suggests positive effects of acupuncture, but not electroacupuncture, for pain, related-disability, and strength, in LE of musculoskeletal origin, in the short term.

scholarly journals Effect of psychotherapy for depression on quality of life: meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Kolovos ◽  
Annet Kleiboer ◽  
Pim Cuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
Moderate Effect

BackgroundSeveral meta-analyses have shown that psychotherapy is effective for reducing depressive symptom severity. However, the impact on quality of life (QoL) is as yet unknown.AimsTo investigate the effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression on global QoL and on the mental health and physical health components of QoL.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of 44 randomised clinical trials comparing psychotherapy for adults experiencing clinical depression or elevated depressive symptoms with a control group. We used subgroup analyses to explore the influence of various study characteristics on the effectiveness of treatment.ResultsWe detected a small to moderate effect size (Hedges'g= 0.33, 95% CI 0.24–0.42) for global QoL, a moderate effect size for the mental health component (g= 0.42, 95% CI 0.33–0.51) and, after removing an outlier, a small but statistically significant effect size for the physical health component (g= 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.27). Multivariate meta-regression analyses showed that the effect size of depressive symptoms was significantly related to the effect size of the mental health component of QoL. The effect size of depressive symptoms was not related to global QoL or the physical health component.ConclusionsPsychotherapy for depression has a positive impact on the QoL of patients with depression. Improvements in QoL are not fully explained by improvements in depressive symptom severity.

Group therapy for schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.

Psychotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Burlingame ◽  
Hal Svien ◽  
Lars Hoppe ◽  
Isaac Hunt ◽  
Jenny Rosendahl
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis

Rumination in Borderline Personality Disorder: Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara J. Richman ◽  
Zsolt Unoka ◽  
Robert Dudas ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Self Harm

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by deficits in emotion regulation and affective liability. Of this domain, ruminative behaviors have been considered a core feature of emotion dysregulation difficulties. Despite this, inconsistencies have existed in the literature regarding which rumination type is most prominent in those with BPD symptoms. Moreover, no meta-analytic review has been performed to date on rumination in BPD. Taking this into consideration, a meta-analysis was performed to assess how BPD symptoms correlate with rumination, while also considering clinical moderator variables (i.e., BPD symptom domain, co-morbidities, GAF score) and demographic moderator variables (i.e., age, gender, sample type, and education level). Analysis of correlation across rumination domains for the entire sample revealed a medium overall correlation between BPD symptoms and rumination. When assessing types of rumination, the largest correlation was among pain rumination followed by anger, depressive, and anxious rumination. Among BPD symptom domain, affective instability had the strongest correlation with increased rumination, followed by unstable relationships, identity disturbance, and self-harm/ impulsivity, respectively. Demographic variables showed no significance. Clinical implications are considered and further therapeutic interventions are discussed in the context of rumination.

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