scholarly journals Factors influencing the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on diabetes distress: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Guo ◽  
Hongjuan Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Luo ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Yun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect

To review the evidence and determine the factors influencing the effect of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) on diabetes distress. A systematic search of nine databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, VIP Data, SinoMed Data, and Wan Fang Data) was conducted. Randomized controlled trials of MBIs for adults with diabetes that evaluated the effect of the interventions on diabetes distress were retrieved. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Review Manager V.5.3, a Cochrane Collaboration tool. Subgroup analyses were conducted for exploring factors influencing the effect of MBIs on diabetes distress. A total of 10 articles, consisting of eight studies with 649 participants, were included. The results from subgroup analyses on the studies revealed five factors that influenced the effect of MBIs on diabetes distress compared with control group. Participants with elevated baseline diabetes distress showed a moderate effect size of 0.48 of decreasing diabetes distress when receiving MBIs (p=0.005); the MBIs based on mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy alleviated diabetes distress of the participants with a large effect size of 0.58 (p<0.0001); the MBIs delivered in group format decreased the diabetes distress with a moderate effect size of 0.36 (p=0.03); the MBIs with home practice assignment alleviated the diabetes distress with a moderate effect size of 0.42 (p=0.05). The long-term rather than short-term effect of MBIs on diabetes distress reduction has been identified with large effect size of 0.56 (p=0.04). MBIs improve outcomes in adults with diabetes who have elevated diabetes distress at baseline, using mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, using a group format to deliver the intervention, and assigning home practice. MBIs improve diabetes distress significantly more at long-term follow-up compared with short-term follow-up. MBIs could be considered as an adjunct treatment in adults with diabetes to reduce diabetes distress.

Quiet Eye and Performance in Sport: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Lebeau ◽  
Sicong Liu ◽  
Camilo Sáenz-Moncaleano ◽  
Susana Sanduvete-Chaves ◽  
Salvador Chacón-Moscoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Absolute Duration

Research linking the “quiet eye” (QE) period to subsequent performance has not been systematically synthesized. In this paper we review the literature on the link between the two through nonintervention (Synthesis 1) and intervention (Synthesis 2) studies. In the first synthesis, 27 studies with 38 effect sizes resulted in a large mean effect (d = 1.04) reflecting differences between experts’ and novices’ QE periods, and a moderate effect size (d = 0.58) comparing QE periods for successful and unsuccessful performances within individuals. Studies reporting QE duration as a percentage of the total time revealed a larger mean effect size than studies reporting an absolute duration (in milliseconds). The second synthesis of 9 articles revealed very large effect sizes for both the quiet-eye period (d = 1.53) and performance (d = 0.84). QE also showed some ability to predict performance effects across studies.

scholarly journals Cognitive Stimulation for Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease Dementia Living in Long-Term Care: Preliminary Data from a Randomized Crossover Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Folkerts ◽  
Miriam E. Dorn ◽  
Mandy Roheger ◽  
Marco Maassen ◽  
Janneke Koerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Global Cognition ◽  
Moderate Effect

Background. While the efficacy of cognitive stimulation (CS) has been demonstrated in patients with dementia, no study has included patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Objective. For the first time, this randomized crossover pilot study examined the feasibility and potential effects of CS in PDD. Methods. All residents of a PDD-specific long-term care unit in the Netherlands that were eligible for the study (n=12) were randomly allocated to group A (n=6) receiving CS (eight weeks, twice weekly for 60 minutes) or group B (n=6) receiving usual care (control group, CG). The CG participated in CS afterwards, resulting in an experimental group (EG), consisting of n=12. Pre- and postassessments and a six-week follow-up (FU) were conducted for cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and activities of daily living (ADL) outcomes. Results. Between-group analysis with difference scores from pre- to posttest revealed a group difference for global cognition (CERAD total score) favoring the EG, with a moderate effect size and a p value just failing to reach statistical significance (p=0.067; r = 0.43). A further statistical trend was observed for neuropsychiatric symptoms, again with a moderate effect size (p=0.075; r = 0.42). Within-group analyses indicated improvement only in the EG with large effects also just failing to reach significance for global cognition (short term, p=0.060; r = 0.70) as well as for depression (long term, p=0.072; r = 0.61). ADL deteriorated significantly at FU in the EG (p=0.014; r = 0.71). Conclusions. Although our data are preliminary due to the small sample size, this study shows that CS is feasible and potentially effective for cognitive and noncognitive outcomes in PDD patients. Randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these promising results.

scholarly journals The Effect of Patient Comorbidities on Intermediate Outcomes After Total Ankle Arthroplasty

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0003
Author(s):  
Daniel Cunningham ◽  
James Nunley ◽  
James DeOrio ◽  
Mark Easley
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Total Ankle Arthroplasty ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Ankle Arthroplasty ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has shown durable improvements in pain, function, and quality of life. Patient factors could affect intermediate to long-term outcomes after total ankle arthroplasty, and the impact of common medical comorbidities has not been fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine if common preoperative patient comorbidities had an effect on patient outcomes. Methods: Patients undergoing TAA between 1/2007 and 12/2016 were enrolled into a prospective study at a single academic center. Patients completed the following outcome measures before surgery and then in follow-up: AOFAS Hindfoot score, 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI), and the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) score. Patient and operative factors along with pre-operative Charlson-Deyo and Elixhauser comorbidities with at least 10% prevalence across the entire population were assessed for association with changes in outcomes from pre-operative to the patient’s most recent follow-up. A minimum of 2 years of follow-up was required. Factors that met a significance threshold of p<0.05 in univariate analyses were incorporated into multivariable outcome models. Results: A total of 538 patients with an average follow-up of 4.3 years (range, 2 to 10 years) were included. While patients had significantly improved pain and function across all outcomes, smoking was associated with smaller improvements in AOFAS hindfoot score, AOFAS hindfoot function subscale, SF-36 physical summary scale, SF-36 total scale, and SMFA function scale. Prior foot and ankle surgery was associated with smaller improvement in AOFAS hindfoot pain subscale as well as VAS pain. Rheumatoid arthritis was associated with smaller improvement in SF-36 total and physical summary subscale scores while obesity was associated with smaller improvement in the FADI. Smoking had the largest impact on results, and produced a moderate effect size. All other variables had trivial to small effect sizes. Conclusion: While patient outcomes improved significantly after TAR at intermediate duration follow-up, smoking, prior surgery, rheumatoid arthritis, and obesity were risk factors for reduced improvement in outcomes. Smoking was associated with a moderate effect size, but all other factors had only small impact on patient-reported outcomes. Active smokers should be counseled on their risk of smaller improvements in outcomes, and it may be inadvisable to perform TAR on these patients.

Effects of manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture for lateral epicondylalgia of musculoskeletal origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 096452842096736
Author(s):  
Marcos J Navarro-Santana ◽  
Jorge Sanchez-Infante ◽  
Guido F Gómez-Chiguano ◽  
Mike Cummings ◽  
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Lateral Epicondylalgia ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture/electroacupuncture, alone or combined with other interventions, on pain intensity, pain-related disability, and strength in lateral epicondylalgia (LE) of musculoskeletal origin. Databases and data treatment: Electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials, where at least one group received acupuncture or electroacupuncture for LE of musculoskeletal origin. To be eligible, trials had to include humans and collect outcomes on pain intensity or pain-related disability in LE. Data were extracted by two reviewers. The risk of bias (RoB) of the trials was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool, methodological quality was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score, and the level of evidence was summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) using random effects were calculated. Results: A total of 14 trials (10 acupuncture) were included. The meta-analysis found a moderate effect size of acupuncture (SMD = −0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.22 to −0.10), but not electroacupuncture (SMD = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.99 to 0.83), in the reduction of elbow pain as compared to a comparative group. Acupuncture exhibited a significant moderate effect size (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI = −0.91 to −0.11) in the improvement of related-disability. Acupuncture (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.57), but not electroacupuncture (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI = −0.29 to 0.98), exhibited a significant but small effect size on strength. Most significant effects were in the short term. The RoB was low but the heterogeneity of trial results led to a downgrading of the GRADE evidence level. Conclusion: Low-level evidence suggests positive effects of acupuncture, but not electroacupuncture, for pain, related-disability, and strength, in LE of musculoskeletal origin, in the short term.

scholarly journals Effect of psychotherapy for depression on quality of life: meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Kolovos ◽  
Annet Kleiboer ◽  
Pim Cuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
Moderate Effect

BackgroundSeveral meta-analyses have shown that psychotherapy is effective for reducing depressive symptom severity. However, the impact on quality of life (QoL) is as yet unknown.AimsTo investigate the effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression on global QoL and on the mental health and physical health components of QoL.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of 44 randomised clinical trials comparing psychotherapy for adults experiencing clinical depression or elevated depressive symptoms with a control group. We used subgroup analyses to explore the influence of various study characteristics on the effectiveness of treatment.ResultsWe detected a small to moderate effect size (Hedges'g= 0.33, 95% CI 0.24–0.42) for global QoL, a moderate effect size for the mental health component (g= 0.42, 95% CI 0.33–0.51) and, after removing an outlier, a small but statistically significant effect size for the physical health component (g= 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.27). Multivariate meta-regression analyses showed that the effect size of depressive symptoms was significantly related to the effect size of the mental health component of QoL. The effect size of depressive symptoms was not related to global QoL or the physical health component.ConclusionsPsychotherapy for depression has a positive impact on the QoL of patients with depression. Improvements in QoL are not fully explained by improvements in depressive symptom severity.

scholarly journals Changes in tactical behavior during small-sided and conditioned games performed within a training session

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibson Moreira Praça ◽  
Gustavo Fernandes Barbosa ◽  
Pedro Emilio Drumond Moreira ◽  
Raphael Brito e Sousa ◽  
Sarah Glória Teles Bredt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Passive Recovery ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
Acute Changes

Abstract This study aimed to verify the acute effects of 3vs.3 soccer small-sided and conditioned games (SSCG) on the tactical behavior of youth soccer athletes within one training session. Twenty-four soccer athletes (U-13 and U-14 categories) from a professional club participated in the study. They played four 4-minute 3vs.3 SSCG with 4 minutes of passive recovery in-between. All SSCG were recorded and players’ tactical behavior was analyzed using the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer. We compared the frequencies and percentages of successful tactical principles over the four 3vs.3 SSCG bouts performed within the training session. Results showed an increased number of defensive unity actions (p= 0.005; large effect size) and a higher percentage of successful defensive principles (p<0.001; moderate effect size) in the fourth bout. We can conclude that players’ tactical behaviors change over the SSCG bouts performed within one training session. This suggests that players adapt their tactical behavior according to the tactical problems presented in the SSCG performed within the training session. We can suggest that the long-term improvement in the tactical skills of soccer athletes may be based on these small acute changes in tactical behavior observed in each training session.

Mechanical thrombectomy in pediatric stroke: systematic review, individual patient data meta-analysis, and case series

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Bhatia ◽  
Hans Kortman ◽  
Christopher Blair ◽  
Geoffrey Parker ◽  
David Brunacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Neurological Outcomes

OBJECTIVEThe role of mechanical thrombectomy in pediatric acute ischemic stroke is uncertain, despite extensive evidence of benefit in adults. The existing literature consists of several recent small single-arm cohort studies, as well as multiple prior small case series and case reports. Published reports of pediatric cases have increased markedly since 2015, after the publication of the positive trials in adults. The recent AHA/ASA Scientific Statement on this issue was informed predominantly by pre-2015 case reports and identified several knowledge gaps, including how young a child may undergo thrombectomy. A repeat systematic review and meta-analysis is warranted to help guide therapeutic decisions and address gaps in knowledge.METHODSUsing PRISMA-IPD guidelines, the authors performed a systematic review of the literature from 1999 to April 2019 and individual patient data meta-analysis, with 2 independent reviewers. An additional series of 3 cases in adolescent males from one of the authors’ centers was also included. The primary outcomes were the rate of good long-term (mRS score 0–2 at final follow-up) and short-term (reduction in NIHSS score by ≥ 8 points or NIHSS score 0–1 at up to 24 hours post-thrombectomy) neurological outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in patients < 18 years of age. The secondary outcome was the rate of successful angiographic recanalization (mTICI score 2b/3).RESULTSThe authors’ review yielded 113 cases of mechanical thrombectomy in 110 pediatric patients. Although complete follow-up data are not available for all patients, 87 of 96 (90.6%) had good long-term neurological outcomes (mRS score 0–2), 55 of 79 (69.6%) had good short-term neurological outcomes, and 86 of 98 (87.8%) had successful angiographic recanalization (mTICI score 2b/3). Death occurred in 2 patients and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in 1 patient. Sixteen published thrombectomy cases were identified in children < 5 years of age.CONCLUSIONSMechanical thrombectomy may be considered for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (ICA terminus, M1, basilar artery) in patients aged 1–18 years (Level C evidence; Class IIb recommendation). The existing evidence base is likely affected by selection and publication bias. A prospective multinational registry is recommended as the next investigative step.

Exercise interventions in lateral elbow tendinopathy have better outcomes than passive interventions, but the effects are small: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2123 subjects in 30 trials

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102525
Author(s):  
Stefanos Karanasios ◽  
Vasileios Korakakis ◽  
Rod Whiteley ◽  
Ioannis Vasilogeorgis ◽  
Sarah Woodbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lateral Elbow ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of exercise compared with other conservative interventions in the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) on pain and function.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to grade the certainty of evidence. Self-perceived improvement, pain intensity, pain-free grip strength (PFGS) and elbow disability were used as primary outcome measures.Eligibility criteriaRCTs assessing the effectiveness of exercise alone or as an additive intervention compared with passive interventions, wait-and-see or injections in patients with LET.Results30 RCTs (2123 participants, 5 comparator interventions) were identified. Exercise outperformed (low certainty) corticosteroid injections in all outcomes at all time points except short-term pain reduction. Clinically significant differences were found in PFGS at short-term (mean difference (MD): 12.15, (95% CI) 1.69 to 22.6), mid-term (MD: 22.45, 95% CI 3.63 to 41.3) and long-term follow-up (MD: 18, 95% CI 11.17 to 24.84). Statistically significant differences (very low certainty) for exercise compared with wait-and-see were found only in self-perceived improvement at short-term, pain reduction and elbow disability at short-term and long-term follow-up. Substantial heterogeneity in descriptions of equipment, load, duration and frequency of exercise programmes were evident.ConclusionsLow and very low certainty evidence suggests exercise is effective compared with passive interventions with or without invasive treatment in LET, but the effect is small.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018082703.

scholarly journals Comparison of Official and Friendly Matches through Acceleration, Deceleration and Metabolic Power Measures: A Full-Season Study in Professional Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5980
Author(s):  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Sara Mahmoudzadeh Khalili ◽  
Rafael Oliveira ◽  
Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
High Effort

Soccer is a popular team sport and highly demanding activity that requires high effort and long-term training plans. The goals of this study were to compare the accelerations, decelerations and metabolic power between official and friendly full matches, between the first and second halves of the matches, and between both halves of official and friendly matches. Twelve professional soccer players (age, 28.6 ± 2.7 years; height, 182.1 ± 8.6 cm; body mass, 75.3 ± 8.2 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. A total of 33 official and 10 friendly matches were analyzed from the Iranian Premier League. All matches were monitored using GPSPORTS systems Pty Ltd. The following variables were selected: total duration of the matches, metabolic power, accelerations Zone1 (<2 m·s−2) (AccZ1), accelerations Zone2 (2 to 4 m·s−2) (AccZ2), accelerations Zone3 (>4 m·s−2) (AccZ3), decelerations Zone1 (<−2 m·s−2) (DecZ1), decelerations Zone2 (−2 to −4 m·s−2) (DecZ2) and decelerations Zone3 (>−4 m·s−2) (DecZ3). The major finding was shown in metabolic power, where higher values occurred in friendly matches (p < 0.05 with small effect size). Furthermore, total duration, AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were revealed to be higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches. The second half of the official matches revealed higher values for total duration compared to friendly matches (p < 0.05, moderate effect size). In conclusion, this study observed higher values of metabolic power in friendly matches compared to official matches. AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches.

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