Prevention of Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 335-362
Author(s):  
Evelyn Attia ◽  
Anne E. Becker ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
Alison E. Field ◽  
Neville H. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Eating Disorder Prevention ◽  
Effectiveness Trials ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disorder Prevention

This chapter examines risk factors for the development of eating disorders and efforts to prevent them. A number of variables are considered to be risk factors; however, extant research has notable limitations, including the low prevalence of these conditions within the general population, which complicates the identification of reliable risk factors. The impact of culture on eating disorders is reviewed, as well as social and biological factors thought to exert complementary impact and to contribute synergistically to risk. Considerable progress has been made in developing and evaluating models for prevention since the publication of the prior edition of this book. These advances include the publication of several large effectiveness trials, the development of models to prevent the onset of anorexia nervosa and combined eating disorder prevention and weight maintenance/loss programs, and the availability of interventions for both boys and girls.

Significance of Body Image and Eating Disturbances

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Eric Stice ◽  
Paul Rohde ◽  
Heather Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Eating Disorder Prevention ◽  
Body Project ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Disorder Prevention

Eating disorders are one of the most prevalent classes of psychiatric disorders for adolescent and young-adult females, affecting approximately 10% of young women. Approximately 40-50% of women experience body dissatisfaction, which is a key risk factor for eating disorders. Unfortunately, less than 50% of those with eating disorders receive treatment and treatment can be very expensive. Thus, developing and disseminating effective prevention programs has become a public healthy priority. Of the many eating disorder prevention programs that have been created, very few have significantly reduced eating disorder risk factors and symptoms in controlled trials, and only two (Body Project, Project Health) have significantly reduced the risk for future onset of eating disorders.

The Body Project

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Stice ◽  
Paul Rohde ◽  
Heather Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Ideal ◽  
Eating Disorder Prevention ◽  
Body Project ◽  
Disorder Prevention

The Body Project is an empirically based eating disorder prevention program that offers young women an opportunity to critically consider the costs of pursuing the ultra-thin ideal promoted in the mass media, and it improves body acceptance and reduces risk for developing eating disorders. Young women with elevated body dissatisfaction are recruited for group sessions in which they participate in a series of verbal, written, and behavioral exercises in which they consider the negative effects of pursuing the thin-ideal. This online resource provides information on the significance of body image and eating disorders, the intervention theory, the evidence base which supports the theory, recruitment and training procedures, solutions to common challenges, and a new program aimed at reducing obesity onset, as well as intervention scripts and participant handouts. It is the only currently available eating disorder prevention program that has been shown to reduce risk for onset of eating disorders and received support in trials conducted by several independent research groups.

scholarly journals Prevention of Eating Disorders at Universities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Harrer ◽  
Sophia Helen Adam ◽  
Eva-Maria Messner ◽  
Harald Baumeister ◽  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Eating Disorder Prevention ◽  
Disorder Prevention

Background. Eating problems are highly prevalent among young adults. Universities could be an optimal setting to prevent eating disorders through psychological intervention. As part of the World Mental Health-International College Student initiative, this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes data on the efficacy of eating disorder prevention programs targeting university students.Method. A systematic literature search of bibliographical databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO) for randomized trials comparing psychological preventive interventions for eating disorders in university students to psychoeducation or inactive controls was performed through October 8th, 2018.Results. Twenty-two studies were included. Eight (36.4%) were rated to have a low risk of bias. The relative risk of developing a subthreshold or full-blown eating disorder was IRR=0.62 (95%CI: 0.44-0.87, n=8; standardized clinical interviews only), indicating a 38% decrease in incidence in the intervention groups compared to controls. Small to moderate between- group effects at post-test were found on self-reported global eating disorder symptoms (g=0.36, 95%CI: 0.25-0.47, n=20), dieting (g=0.47, 95%CI: 0.30- 0.64, n=18), body dissatisfaction (g=0.50, 95%CI: 0.33-0.67, n=14), drive for thinness (g=0.43, 95%CI: 0.27-0.59, n=12), weight concerns (g=0.33, 95%CI: 0.10-0.57, n=13) and affective symptoms (g=0.28, 95%CI: 0.16-0.40, n=14). Effects on bulimia were not significant. Heterogeneity was low to moderate across comparisons.Discussion. Eating disorder prevention on campus can have significant, small-to-moderate effects on eating disorder symptoms and risk factors. Results also suggest that the prevention of subthreshold and full-syndrome eating disorders is feasible using such interventions. More research is needed to identify effects on academic functioning, as well as ways to motivate students to use preventive eating disorder interventions.

scholarly journals Weight suppression increases odds for future onset of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and purging disorder, but not binge eating disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Stice ◽  
Paul Rohde ◽  
Heather Shaw ◽  
Chris Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Purging Disorder ◽  
Weight Suppression ◽  
Current Weight

ABSTRACT Background Eating disorders affect 13% of females and contribute to functional impairment and mortality, but few studies have identified risk factors that prospectively correlate with future onset of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and purging disorder (PD). Identifying risk factors specific to each eating disorder is critical for advancing etiologic knowledge and designing effective prevention programs. Objectives This study examined whether weight suppression (the difference between a person's highest past weight at their adult height and their current weight) correlates with future onset of AN, BN, BED, and PD. Methods Data from 1165 young women with body image concerns (mean ± SD age: 21.9 ± 6.4 y) who completed annual diagnostic interviews over a 3-y follow-up period were examined. Logistic regression models evaluated the relation of baseline weight suppression to onset risk of each eating disorder controlling for age, dietary restraint, and intervention condition. Results Elevated weight suppression predicted future onset of AN (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.80), BN (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.62), PD (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.74), and any eating disorder (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.56), but not BED (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.37). Highest past weight correlated with future onset of BN and PD but not onset of AN, BED, or any eating disorder, and baseline current weight was inversely related to future AN onset only, implying that women with the largest difference between their highest past weight and current weight are at greatest risk of eating disorders. Conclusions The results provide novel evidence that weight suppression correlates with future onset of eating disorders characterized by dietary restriction or compensatory weight control behaviors and suggest weight-suppressed women constitute an important risk group to target with selective prevention programs. These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01126918 and NCT01949649.

Psychosocial Risk Factors for Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Jacobi ◽  
Kristian Hütter ◽  
Eike Fittig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Sample Case

This chapter provides an updated overview of risk factors for eating disorders, on the basis of the risk factor taxonomy described by (Kraemer et al., 1997). It summarizes risk factors identified in longitudinal studies and markers and retrospective correlates from cross-sectional studies through April 2002 for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, identifies new studies published between May 2002 and June 2015, and integrates them into the earlier review. The updated review confirms that longitudinal evidence on risk factors is strongest for nonspecific eating disorder diagnoses including subclinical forms and weakest for participants with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa. When strict criteria for caseness are applied, the majority of risk factors were not able to predict distinct diagnoses and only very few risk factors were confirmed in more than one sample. Case prediction, specificity, and replication therefore remain the biggest challenges in risk factor research for eating disorders.

scholarly journals Integrated prevention of obesity and eating disorders: barriers, developments and opportunities

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2295-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sánchez-Carracedo ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer ◽  
Gemma López-Guimerà
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Exciting Development

AbstractObjectiveThe serious consequences of obesity and eating disorders (ED), difficulties encountered in treatment and the high prevalence of these conditions are important reasons to develop efforts aimed at their prevention. The implementation of integrated interventions aimed at preventing risk factors for both obesity and ED constitutes a very exciting development. In the present paper we discuss and review the main reasons for an integrated approach to the spectrum of eating- and weight-related problems, which include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, anorexic and bulimic behaviours, unhealthy dieting practices, body dissatisfaction, binge-eating disorder, overweight and obesity. Given differences between the fields with regard to current perspectives and objectives, key barriers to an integrated approach to prevention are discussed. In order to show the possibilities of development of this approach, we review the main contributions made to date in the fields of both obesity and ED prevention. In particular, environmental approaches in the prevention of obesity and ED are reviewed, given their potential for preventing a broad spectrum of eating- and weight-related problems. Furthermore, several examples of initiatives that have utilized an integrated approach to prevention are discussed.DesignNarrative review.ConclusionsWe recommend a scenario in which the two fields share knowledge to enhance the difficult work of preventing and treating both ED and obesity.

Psychosocial Risk Factors for Eating Disorders

2010 ◽  
pp. 122-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Jacobi ◽  
Eike Fittig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

The objective of this chapter is to provide an updated overview of risk factors for eating disorders on the basis of the risk factor taxonomy described by Kraemer et al. (1997). The chapter summarizes risk factors identified in longitudinal studies and markers and retrospective correlates from cross-sectional studies through April 2002 for the eating disorder syndromes anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Limitations of these earlier studies are indicated. As part of an update of the previous analysis, results of studies identified between May 2002 and November 2008 are integrated into results of our earlier review. The updated review indicates that longitudinal evidence on risk factors is still much stronger for bulimia nervosa and binge related syndromes, whereas our knowledge of risk factors for anorexia nervosa remains limited. While recent studies were able to overcome some of the limitations of the earlier studies, results of our earlier review are mostly confirmed.

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