Psychology of Pain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie R. Price ◽  
Micah J. Price ◽  
Marc A. Huntoon
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Past ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Selection Of

The role of psychosocial variables in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of pain has grown significantly in the past 30 years. Pain is no longer dichotomously thought of as either a purely psychological or physiological condition (mind–body dualism) but, rather, as a combination of biopsychosocial factors and experiences. The questions in this chapter consider the changing role of these psychosocial factors by exploring the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and other pain-related assessments and psychodiagnostics; cognitive–behavioral, acceptance and commitment, behavioral, and other psychological interventions for pain management; the role of stages of change in selection of interventions; and biopsychosocial theoretical models for understanding pain. The answers provide detailed and empirically supported explanations of the biopsychosocial impact of pain, along with references to texts commonly utilized in the training of anesthesiologists, so as to promote a better understanding of the associated materials.

Treatment for Hoarding Disorder

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Randy O. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Empirically Supported

This online Second Edition of Treatment for Hoarding Disorder is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), it outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for treating hoarding disorder, and provides numerous assessment and intervention forms to help clients use the methods described in the intervention. A major goal of the treatment is to recapture the positive role of possessions in the lives of people with hoarding problems, and strategies are outlined for sustaining gains and making further progress, as well as for managing stressful life events that can provoke problematic acquiring and difficulty discarding.

Treatment for Hoarding Disorder

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Randy O. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Filing System

This online Second Edition of Treatment for Hoarding Disorder is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), this online client workbook outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for treating hoarding disorder. It helps to guide clients through their treatment for hoarding disorder with their clinician. It includes homework, forms, exercises, and behavioral experiments to test personal beliefs about possessions, develop an organization plan and filing system, and sort and organize items room by room. A major goal of the treatment is to recapture the positive role of possessions in the lives of people with hoarding problems, and strategies are outlined for sustaining gains and making further progress, as well as for managing stressful life events that can provoke problematic acquiring and difficulty discarding.

Emerging Syndromes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Allison ◽  
Jennifer D. Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Night Eating Syndrome ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Night Eating ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Impairment In Functioning ◽  
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Comorbid Psychopathology

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fifth edition, of the American Psychiatric Association (2013) has designated several disorders under the diagnosis of otherwise specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). This chapter evaluates three of these, night eating syndrome (NES), purging disorder (PD), and atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). It also reviews orthorexia nervosa, which has been discussed in the clinical realm as well as the popular press. The history and definition for each is reviewed, relevant theoretical models are presented and compared, and evidence for the usefulness of the models is described. Empirical studies examining the disorders’ independence from other disorders, comorbid psychopathology, and, when available, medical comorbidities, are discussed. Distress and impairment in functioning seem comparable between at least three of these emerging disorders and threshold eating disorders. Finally, remaining questions for future research are summarized.

scholarly journals Revising Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for the bipolar disorders: Phase I of the AREDOC project

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Gabriela Tavella ◽  
Glenda Macqueen ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Heinz Grunze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
International Experts

Objective: To derive new criteria sets for defining manic and hypomanic episodes (and thus for defining the bipolar I and II disorders), an international Task Force was assembled and termed AREDOC reflecting its role of Assessment, Revision and Evaluation of DSM and other Operational Criteria. This paper reports on the first phase of its deliberations and interim criteria recommendations. Method: The first stage of the process consisted of reviewing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and recent International Classification of Diseases criteria, identifying their limitations and generating modified criteria sets for further in-depth consideration. Task Force members responded to recommendations for modifying criteria and from these the most problematic issues were identified. Results: Principal issues focussed on by Task Force members were how best to differentiate mania and hypomania, how to judge ‘impairment’ (both in and of itself and allowing that functioning may sometimes improve during hypomanic episodes) and concern that rejecting some criteria (e.g. an imposed duration period) might risk false-positive diagnoses of the bipolar disorders. Conclusion: This first-stage report summarises the clinical opinions of international experts in the diagnosis and management of the bipolar disorders, allowing readers to contemplate diagnostic parameters that may influence their clinical decisions. The findings meaningfully inform subsequent Task Force stages (involving a further commentary stage followed by an empirical study) that are expected to generate improved symptom criteria for diagnosing the bipolar I and II disorders with greater precision and to clarify whether they differ dimensionally or categorically.

World Englishes, Pragmatics, and Discourse

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna Kachru
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Unique Site ◽  
Selection Of

The central role of English in cross-cultural communication worldwide has made it a unique site for understanding diversity in systems of discourse pragmatics. In contact situations, these differences can help to refine theoretical models, such as the question of how universal speech acts or properties of facework and politeness are. They can also have significant real-world implications in the form of cross-cultural (mis-) communication in globalized contexts. This chapter reviews a selection of examples of speech acts and politeness in World Englishes contexts that use theoretical models to account for variation, but in some instances also challenge elements of such models. The discussion also includes a consideration of variation in surface form as well as variation in discourse other than conversational speech, such as written genres.

scholarly journals Indestructible Pasts and Paranoid Presents: John Franzen against Active Forgetting in Purity

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Cristina Garrigós
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Conscious Process ◽  
Unconscious Desire ◽  
Selection Of

Forgetting and remembering are as inevitably linked as lifeand death. Sometimes, forgetting is motivated by a biological disorder, brain damage, or it is the product of an unconscious desire derived from a traumatic event (psychological repression). But in some cases, we can motivate forgetting consciously (thought suppression). It is through the conscious repression of memories that we can find self-preservation and move forward, although this means that we create a fable of our lives, as Nietzsche says in his essay “On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life” (1997). In Jonathan Franzen’s novel, Purity (2015), forgetting is an active and conscious process by which the characters choose to forget certain episodes of their lives to be able to construct new identities. The erased memories include murder, economical privileges derived from illegal or unethical commercial processes, or dark sexual episodes. The obsession with forgetting the past links the lives of the main characters, and structures the narrative of the novel. The motivated erasure of memories becomes, thus, a way that the characters have to survive and face the present according to a (fake) narrative that they have constructed. But is motivated forgetting possible? Can one completely suppress facts in an active way? This paper analyses the role of forgetting in Franzen’s novel in relation to the need in our contemporary society to deny, hide, or erase uncomfortable data from our historical or personal archives; the need to make disappear stories which we do not want to accept, recognize, and much less make known to the public. This is related to how we manage information in the age of technology, the “selection” of what is to be the official story, and how we rewrite our own history

scholarly journals Learning theories and computers in TAFE education

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennaro Pellone
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Educational Aid

<span>The place of the computer in the classroom especially within TAFE Colleges has increased dramatically over the past decade. This paper attempts to describe the role of computers in TAFE education providing some understanding of the principal theoretical models of learning and their relationship with the computer as an educational aid.</span>

Persistent Depressive Disorder

2015 ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Klein ◽  
Sarah R. Black
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Interpersonal Difficulties ◽  
Persistent Depression ◽  
Continuation Maintenance ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

Over the past few decades, there has been increasing recognition of the problem of persistent, or chronic, depression. Chronic depressions account for up to a third of the cases of depression in the community and half the cases in clinical practice. Moreover, as reflected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), persistent depressive disorder differs in many significant respects from nonpersistent depression. This chapter provides an overview of the current literature on persistent depression, starting with classification, epidemiology, and course. Psychosocial and neurobiological risk factors, including early adversity, genetics, personality/temperament, cognitive style, interpersonal difficulties, neural abnormalities, and chronic stress, are then reviewed. Next, we discuss psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for acute and continuation/maintenance treatment of persistent depression. We conclude with suggestions for future research.

Fifty years ago: ‘The scope of occupational medicine in a university health service’

2020 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Anthony Ryle
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Occupational Medicine ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selection Of

This series provides a selection of articles from the past. In Fifty years ago: The scope of occupational medicine in a university health service Anthony Ryle briefly explores the potential role of a University Health Service in relation to students’ academic achievements and failures, rather than their physical health and safety.

The biopsychosocial model, DSM, and neurobiology

2020 ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
S. Nassir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

This chapter explores the need for a new approach in psychiatry other than the biopsychosocial (BPS) model, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and neurobiology. Pierre Loebel and Julian Savulescu, in their introduction to this book, laid out an honourable purpose, seeking to make sense of psychiatric conditions holistically. They hoped the BPS model could serve this purpose. The model has done so in part, but also, after half a century of effort, it has failed to do so in the end. The goals are worthy and the seekers of those goals have integrity. But perhaps their intentions will be best served by something else, a successor to the past BPS model, built on a rejection of a false DSM diagnostic system as well as a purely neurobiological approach to research. In the end, what Loebel and his colleagues want to do is to preserve a place for humanism in psychiatry, and to link clinical practice to solid scientific research. These laudable principles can be achieved only by a radical departure from the DSM-based neurobiological conventional wisdom of the present and the past.

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