Trichotillomania and Skin Picking Disorder

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0051 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jon E. Grant ◽

Sarah A. Redden ◽

Eric W. Leppink

Keyword(s):

Behavior Disorders ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Skin Picking ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Habit Reversal Therapy ◽

Repetitive Nature ◽

Neural Underpinnings ◽

To Come ◽

Skin Picking Disorder

This chapter summarizes the clinical characteristics and treatment of trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (excoriation), collectively known as body focused repetitive behavior disorders. These two conditions are found in the new chapter on OCD and related disorders in DSM-5; skin picking disorder is a new DSM diagnosis. They are conceptualized as related to OCD due to the repetitive nature of the symptomatology, but they also differ in important ways. The neural underpinnings of these disorder are only beginning to come into focus, and much work is needed. The best-proven psychotherapy for these conditions is a form of CBT known as habit reversal therapy. Principles of pharmacotherapy are not clearly established, though there have been promising early studies of a number of agents.

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Effectiveness of Acceptance enhanced behavior therapy on Body Focused Repetitive Behavior Disorders (Trichotillomania, Skin Picking, Nail biting): A multiple baseline design with three month follow up

Journal of Research in Psychological Health ◽

10.29252/rph.11.3.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 13-27

Author(s):

Paria Faroughi ◽

Zeynab khanjani ◽

Touraj Hashemi ◽

Majied Mahmoud- Aliloo ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavior Therapy ◽

Behavior Disorders ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Multiple Baseline ◽

Multiple Baseline Design ◽

Skin Picking ◽

Baseline Design ◽

Nail Biting

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Personality traits and their clinical associations in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03209-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jon E. Grant ◽

Samuel R. Chamberlain

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Repetitive Behavior ◽

Self Report ◽

Skin Picking ◽

Neo Personality Inventory ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Holistic Understanding ◽

Personality Features ◽

Skin Picking Disorder

Abstract Background Despite being discussed in the psychiatric literature for decades, very little is known about personality features associated with trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (known as body focused repetitive behavior disorders, BFRBs); and the contribution of personality traits to their clinical presentations. Aim The present study assessed personality traits in a large and well-characterized sample of adults with either trichotillomania or skin picking disorder or both. Methods Adults (n = 98, aged 18–65 years), with trichotillomania (n = 37), skin picking disorder (n = 32), both trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (n = 10), and controls (n = 19) were enrolled. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to quantify personality (NEO Personality Inventory), as well as extent/severity of picking/pulling symptoms, mood and anxiety, impulsive and perfectionistic tendencies, and neurocognitive functioning. Group differences were characterized and correlations with other measures were examined. Results In comparison to controls, BFRBs had elevated neuroticism scores (p < 0.001), lower extraversion scores (p = 0.023), and lower conscientiousness scores (p = 0.007). Neuroticism was significantly related to both hair pulling (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and skin picking severity (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), as well as elevated perceived stress, worse anxiety and depressive symptoms, and poorer quality of life. Introversion (i.e. lower extraversion) was significantly associated with worse picking severity, higher perceived stress, and higher depression. Lack of conscientiousness was significantly associated with more depression, impulsivity, and perceived stress. Discussion Personality traits of neuroticism, introversion, and lack of conscientiousness are heightened in individuals with BFRBs and show strong associations with a number of clinically relevant features of illness. The holistic understanding and treatment of these disorders is likely to require consideration of dimensional traits such as these.

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Should skin picking disorder be considered a diagnostic category? A systematic review of the evidence

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0004867419834347 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 866-877

Author(s):

Zoe Jenkins ◽

Hyacinta Zavier ◽

Andrea Phillipou ◽

David Castle

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Diagnostic Category ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Skin Picking ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Skin Picking Disorder

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to collect, analyse and synthesise the evidence on skin picking disorder as defined by Arnold’s criteria or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – fifth edition (DSM-5) and to examine whether skin picking disorder warrants inclusion in the DSM-5 as a distinct disorder. Method: The databases CINAHL, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched for articles published between January 2008 and May 2018. Eligible articles were empirical studies that used Arnold’s or DSM-5 criteria to diagnose skin picking disorder, published in English, with participants aged 18 years or older. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed according to the National Health and Medical Research Council’s guidelines and suggested nosological classification of skin picking disorder were summarised. Eligible studies were assessed against the five criteria proposed by Blashfield and colleagues to determine the validity of the inclusion of skin picking disorder in the DSM-5. Results: A total of 20 studies were considered eligible out of 1554. Most of the papers were case-control studies with small clinical samples. Only one out of Blashfield’s five criteria was met; there were commonly accepted diagnostic criteria and assessment scales present in the literature. However, at the time of review, the criterion of 50 published articles (25 of which are required to be empirical) was not met; there had been no publication specifically assessing the clinical utility or validity of skin picking disorder and no studies addressing the differentiation of skin picking disorder from other obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Conclusion: Only a small proportion of published studies on skin picking disorder have employed validated criteria. The current literature fulfills only one of Blashfield’s five criteria for the inclusion of skin picking disorder as a specific entity in psychiatric diagnostic manuals. Further empirical studies on skin picking disorder are needed in order to substantiate skin picking disorder as a disorder distinct from related disorders under the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders category.

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Clinical characteristics of impulse control and repetitive behavior disorders in Parkinson’s disease

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-012-6645-9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 260 (2) ◽

pp. 429-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Juyeon Kim ◽

Mijin Kim ◽

Do Young Kwon ◽

Woo-Keun Seo ◽

Ji Hyun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Behavior Disorders ◽

Impulse Control ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Repetitive Behavior

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A case of clozapine-induced skin picking behaviour

General Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/gpsych-2018-000012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. e000012

Author(s):

Balaswamy Reddy ◽

Soumitra Das ◽

Srinivas Guruprasad

Keyword(s):

American Psychiatric Association ◽

De Novo ◽

Dose Titration ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Skin Picking ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Skin Picking Disorder

There is some evidence consistently linking the occurrence of de novo obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with clozapine. This skin-picking disorder is also known as impulsive-compulsive disorder-unspecified which with an increasing convergence with OCD has been placed in the current Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition by American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5), in the category of the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature relating antipsychotics like clozapine with the occurrence of skin-picking behaviour. In this article, we present a case in whom skin-picking behaviour emerged during the upward dose titration of clozapine and was successfully treated with escitalopram.

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