scholarly journals Personality traits and their clinical associations in trichotillomania and skin picking disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
Samuel R. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
Skin Picking Disorder

Abstract Background Despite being discussed in the psychiatric literature for decades, very little is known about personality features associated with trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (known as body focused repetitive behavior disorders, BFRBs); and the contribution of personality traits to their clinical presentations. Aim The present study assessed personality traits in a large and well-characterized sample of adults with either trichotillomania or skin picking disorder or both. Methods Adults (n = 98, aged 18–65 years), with trichotillomania (n = 37), skin picking disorder (n = 32), both trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (n = 10), and controls (n = 19) were enrolled. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to quantify personality (NEO Personality Inventory), as well as extent/severity of picking/pulling symptoms, mood and anxiety, impulsive and perfectionistic tendencies, and neurocognitive functioning. Group differences were characterized and correlations with other measures were examined. Results In comparison to controls, BFRBs had elevated neuroticism scores (p < 0.001), lower extraversion scores (p = 0.023), and lower conscientiousness scores (p = 0.007). Neuroticism was significantly related to both hair pulling (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and skin picking severity (r = 0.48, p < 0.001), as well as elevated perceived stress, worse anxiety and depressive symptoms, and poorer quality of life. Introversion (i.e. lower extraversion) was significantly associated with worse picking severity, higher perceived stress, and higher depression. Lack of conscientiousness was significantly associated with more depression, impulsivity, and perceived stress. Discussion Personality traits of neuroticism, introversion, and lack of conscientiousness are heightened in individuals with BFRBs and show strong associations with a number of clinically relevant features of illness. The holistic understanding and treatment of these disorders is likely to require consideration of dimensional traits such as these.

scholarly journals Associations between Personality Traits, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Coping Strategies, and Stress in Italian Frontline and Non-Frontline HCWs during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Multi-Group Path-Analysis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Ramona Bongelli ◽  
Carla Canestrari ◽  
Alessandra Fermani ◽  
Morena Muzi ◽  
Ilaria Riccioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Omnibus Test ◽  
Emotionally Focused ◽  
Psychological Challenge ◽  
And Coping

The COVID-19 pandemic represented a very difficult physical and psychological challenge for the general population and even more for healthcare workers (HCWs). The main aim of the present study is to test whether there were significant differences between frontline and non-frontline Italian HCWs concerning (a) personality traits, intolerance of uncertainty, coping strategies and perceived stress, and (b) the models of their associations. A total of 682 Italian HCWs completed a self-report questionnaire: 280 employed in COVID-19 wards and 402 in other wards. The analysis of variance omnibus test revealed significant differences between the two groups only for perceived stress, which was higher among the frontline. The multi-group path analysis revealed significant differences in the structure of the associations between the two groups of HCWs, specifically concerning the relations between: personality traits and intolerance of uncertainty; intolerance of uncertainty and coping strategies. Regarding the relation between coping strategies and stress no difference was identified between the two groups. In both of them, emotionally focused coping was negatively related with perceived stress, whereas dysfunctional coping was positively related with stress. These results could be useful in planning actions aiming to reduce stress and improve the effectiveness of HCWs’ interventions. Training programs aimed to provide HCWs with a skillset to tackle uncertain and stressful circumstances could represent an appropriate support to develop a preventive approach during outbreaks.

The role of personality traits and religious orientation and tendency to addiction: Comparison between addicted and nonaddicted people

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
A. Homayouni
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Analysis Of Means ◽  
Efficacy Of Treatment

Introduction & objectivesSince the introduction of DSM-III Third Edition in 1980,there has been a growing interest in the study of patients with substance use disorders (SUD). The driving force behind this field has been, and still is, the high clinical pessimism about the prognosis, and the difficulties in the clinical management of the characteristics of diagnosed patients. Also religion and to be religious can play an important role in human’s individual and social life. The religion can be entered in many aspects of human behavior and can affect on their behavior and reduce probably of abnormal functions. So the study was aimed to investigate personality traits and religious orientation in two groups of addicted and nonaddicted people.Methods109 addicted people were randomly selected and compared with 109 nonaddicted people. Participants were asked to fill out Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFM PI-R) and self-report questionnaire of Alport's E/I religious orientation. Mean scores were compared with T independent tests.ResultsAnalysis of means indicated significant differences among tow group. Compared to nonaddicted, addicted scored higher on Neuroticism, Openness to experience and External religious orientation, and lower on Extroversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness.ConclusionsBased on results it is suggested that evaluating with reliable measures and with more attentions to intrinsic religious orientation related to personality traits can help the psychiatrists and psychologists to diagnose the cause of tendency to addiction and also reduce the psychological problems that is related with addiction before and in during drug treatment and can reduce duration of treatment and enhance efficacy of treatment methods.

Trichotillomania and Skin Picking Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
Sarah A. Redden ◽  
Eric W. Leppink
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Habit Reversal Therapy ◽  
Repetitive Nature ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
To Come ◽  
Skin Picking Disorder

This chapter summarizes the clinical characteristics and treatment of trichotillomania and skin picking disorder (excoriation), collectively known as body focused repetitive behavior disorders. These two conditions are found in the new chapter on OCD and related disorders in DSM-5; skin picking disorder is a new DSM diagnosis. They are conceptualized as related to OCD due to the repetitive nature of the symptomatology, but they also differ in important ways. The neural underpinnings of these disorder are only beginning to come into focus, and much work is needed. The best-proven psychotherapy for these conditions is a form of CBT known as habit reversal therapy. Principles of pharmacotherapy are not clearly established, though there have been promising early studies of a number of agents.

scholarly journals Exploration of personality in the patients with the inflammatory bowel disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1217-1226
Author(s):  
Lela Trikos ◽  
Njegica Jojic ◽  
Goran Knezevic ◽  
Marko Zivanovic ◽  
Petar Svorcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Domain Level

Background/Aim. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include the ulcerative colitis (UC) and the Crohn?s disease (CD), are chronic diseases, the course of which is under the influence of numerous psychosocial factors. The aim of this study was the exploration of the personality traits of patients with IBD. Methods. This cross-sectional study has been conducted at the University Clinical Hospital Centre Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia. The study involved 150 patients suffering from IBD of both genders, out of which 50.7% and 49.3% of the patients suffering from UC and CD, respectively. The main inclusion criteria were: age 18 to 65 years and confirmed the diagnosis of UC or CD in remission. The sociodemographic and disease related data were collected from the hospital medical records. The personality traits related data were collected using the self-report forms of The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI?R) and the inventory for the Assessment of Dysregulation (DELTA 10). Results. At the domain-level, the significant differences between IBD sample and normative sample were found in the Neuroticism (p < 0.01) and the Disintegration (p < 0.01). At the facet-level, the IBD sample scored significantly higher than the normative sample on Anxiety (p < 0.01), Assertiveness (p < 0.01), Tender-Mindedness (p < 0.01) and Dutifulness (p < 0.01), and the significantly lower scores on Warmth (p < 0.01), Excitement Seeking (p < 0.01), Positive Emotion (p < 0.01), Actions (p < 0.01), and on the all facets of Disintegration except Depression, Somatoform Dysregulation and Social Anhedonia (p < 0.01). The differences between UC and CD were found only at the facetlevel. The facets that adds the most predictive power to the discriminative function is the General Executive Impairment, followed by Warmth, Self-Discipline, Depression and Mania. Conclusion. The IBD patients showed to differ from the general population in terms of basic personality structure at the domain-level, and at the facet-level. The differences between the UC and CD patients can be found only at the facet-level. Screening of the personality traits and early detection of the IBD patients who are at a greater risk of mental disorders and bad psychosocial functioning can enable their adequate prevention and improve the course of the disease.

scholarly journals Visual triggers of skin picking episodes: An experimental study in self-reported skin picking disorder and atopic dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Marlen Mehrmann ◽  
Alice Urban ◽  
Alexander Leopold Gerlach
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Picking Disorder

Background Skin Picking Disorder (SPD) is a new diagnosis with limited information available about triggers of picking episodes. Itch can be induced via audio-visual stimuli and the effect of contagious itch is stronger for those affected by atopic dermatitis. We examined if picking-related visual stimuli can trigger the urge to pick skin in self-reported SPD. We compared itch and the urge to pick in a sample of AD and/or SPD-affected to controls without either. Method Urge to pick skin and/or scratch when viewing 24 itch-related, picking-related or neutral online pictures was assessed in adult females, who self-report skin-picking (SPD-only, n = 147) and/or atopic dermatitis (AD-only, n = 47; AD+SPD, n = 46) as well as in skin healthy controls (HC, n = 361). Results All participants reported a stronger urge to pick for picking-related pictures compared to neutral content (F[1, 597] = 533.96, p < .001, ηp2 = .472) and more itch for itch-related pictures compared to neutral stimuli (F[1, 597] = 518.73, p < .001, ηp2 = .465). SPD-all (SPD-only & AD+SPD) reported stronger urges to pick for picking-related vs. other stimuli compared to the AD-only and HC group (p < .001, ηp2 = .047). Likewise, AD-all (AD-only & AD+SPD) reported significantly stronger itching for itch-related vs. other stimuli compared to SPD-only and HC (p = .001, ηp2 = .019). Conclusions Analog to visual provocation of itch, the urge to pick can be triggered by visual stimuli. Treatments for SPD and AD may profit from addressing visual stimuli.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

In Search of the Prosocial Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wertag ◽  
Denis Bratko
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

Machiavellianism and personality disorder: their relationship in the mirror of interpersonal attitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (40) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588
Author(s):  
András Láng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Medium Strength

Introduction: Social and personality psychologists have described Machiavellianism as a pragmatic, callous-unemotional, exploitative and manipulative attitude towards others. Several former studies linked Machiavellian personality traits and interpersonal problems or personality dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the connection between Machiavellianism and interpersonal problems that are characteristic of personality disorders. Method: 252 participants (146 females and 106 males, aged 32.46±5.39 years, mean±SD) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism and personality disorder related interpersonal problems. Results: There was a medium strength relationships between Machiavellianism and several interpersonal problems. Aggression and ambivalence proved to be significant predictors of Machiavellian personality traits. Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to the patient–therapist bond. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1584–1588.

Samuel, D.B. & Ranseen, J.R. (2006, October). Stimulant medication’s effects on adult ADHD symptoms and NEO PI-R personality traits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Samuel ◽  
John D. Ranseen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

Previous studies have indicated a consistent profile of basic personality traits correlated with adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (e.g., Ranseen, Campbell, &amp; Baer, 1998; Nigg et al., 2002). In particular, research has found that low scores of the Conscientiousness trait and high scores on Neuroticism have been correlated with ADHD symptomatology. However, to date there is limited information concerning the range of effect resulting from medication treatment for adult ADHD. During an 18 month period, 60 adults were diagnosed with ADHD based on strict, DSM-IV criteria at an outpatient clinic. This evaluation included a battery of neuropsychological tests and a measure of general personality (i.e., the NEO PI-R). Eleven of these participants returned to complete the battery a second time. The pre-post comparisons revealed significant changes following sustained stimulant treatment on both the neuropsychological and self-report measures. These individuals also displayed significant changes on two domains of the NEO PI-R. They showed a significant decrease on the domain of Neuroticism, indicating that now see themselves as less prone to experience negative emotional states such as anxiety and depression. Additionally, they also reported a significant increase on their scores on the domain of conscientiousness. This increase suggests that they see themselves as more organized and dependable.

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