scholarly journals A case of clozapine-induced skin picking behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. e000012
Author(s):  
Balaswamy Reddy ◽  
Soumitra Das ◽  
Srinivas Guruprasad
Keyword(s):  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dose Titration ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Skin Picking Disorder

There is some evidence consistently linking the occurrence of de novo obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with clozapine. This skin-picking disorder is also known as impulsive-compulsive disorder-unspecified which with an increasing convergence with OCD has been placed in the current Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition by American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5), in the category of the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature relating antipsychotics like clozapine with the occurrence of skin-picking behaviour. In this article, we present a case in whom skin-picking behaviour emerged during the upward dose titration of clozapine and was successfully treated with escitalopram.

Lamotrigine-induced obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with bipolar disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 390-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verinder Sharma ◽  
Minakshi Doobay
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

IntroductionLamotrigine is a commonly used drug in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Although there are reports of its effectiveness in the management of bipolar disorder and comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), lamotrigine has also been associated with obsessionality in patients with bipolar disorder.MethodsCharts of 8 patients with bipolar disorder who had de novo onset of obsessions and compulsions after the use of lamotrigine were reviewed. The Naranjo scale was used to assess the likelihood of patients developing OCD due to lamotrigine use.ResultsTwo to 8 months after the initiation of lamotrigine, patients with no such prior history developed obsessions and compulsions meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for medication-induced OCD. In all except 1 patient, the symptoms resolved within a month of lamotrigine discontinuation.ConclusionsSome patients with bipolar disorder may develop OCD after initiation of lamotrigine. Due to the inherent limitations of a case series, the findings should be interpreted with caution.

Assessment of Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-160
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Concerned Significant Others

Co-occurring disorders (CODs) refers to the occurrence of both a substance use disorder (SUD) and a psychiatric disorder, such as mood disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. This chapter reviews the prevalence, patterns, and effects of CODs. Next, the relationships between psychiatric disorders and SUDs, challenges for practitioners, and types and causes of psychiatric disorders are discussed. The chapter continues with the process of conducting a comprehensive and thorough assessment using the format of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The authors also discuss the importance of conveying assessment findings to the client and/or family and concerned significant others, as well as getting the client to accept help.

Should skin picking disorder be considered a diagnostic category? A systematic review of the evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 866-877
Author(s):  
Zoe Jenkins ◽  
Hyacinta Zavier ◽  
Andrea Phillipou ◽  
David Castle
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Skin Picking Disorder

Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to collect, analyse and synthesise the evidence on skin picking disorder as defined by Arnold’s criteria or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – fifth edition (DSM-5) and to examine whether skin picking disorder warrants inclusion in the DSM-5 as a distinct disorder. Method: The databases CINAHL, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched for articles published between January 2008 and May 2018. Eligible articles were empirical studies that used Arnold’s or DSM-5 criteria to diagnose skin picking disorder, published in English, with participants aged 18 years or older. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed according to the National Health and Medical Research Council’s guidelines and suggested nosological classification of skin picking disorder were summarised. Eligible studies were assessed against the five criteria proposed by Blashfield and colleagues to determine the validity of the inclusion of skin picking disorder in the DSM-5. Results: A total of 20 studies were considered eligible out of 1554. Most of the papers were case-control studies with small clinical samples. Only one out of Blashfield’s five criteria was met; there were commonly accepted diagnostic criteria and assessment scales present in the literature. However, at the time of review, the criterion of 50 published articles (25 of which are required to be empirical) was not met; there had been no publication specifically assessing the clinical utility or validity of skin picking disorder and no studies addressing the differentiation of skin picking disorder from other obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Conclusion: Only a small proportion of published studies on skin picking disorder have employed validated criteria. The current literature fulfills only one of Blashfield’s five criteria for the inclusion of skin picking disorder as a specific entity in psychiatric diagnostic manuals. Further empirical studies on skin picking disorder are needed in order to substantiate skin picking disorder as a disorder distinct from related disorders under the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders category.

scholarly journals Evaluation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in relation to smartphone use

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly A. Kempf ◽  
Kimberly A. Ehrhard ◽  
Steven C. Stoner
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Smartphone Use

Abstract Introduction The use of smartphones throughout the United States continues to rise. Although smartphones have increased our capacity to access information, there is concern if excessive use may impact mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine whether a relationship exists between smartphone use and the presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) or behaviors. Methods A 33-item online survey was developed with 19 items relating to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A survey response was considered positive for possible OCS if participants answered at least 3 questions as Most of the time or All of the time for the OCD-related questions structured around the DSM-5 criteria for OCD while also using their smartphone for greater than 2 or more hours per day. Results A total of 308 of 550 subjects identified spending 2 or more hours on their smartphone per day and also answered positively on 3 or more questions designed to identify OCS. A statistically significant difference was discovered between those who used their smartphone for 2 or more hours per day and those who met 3 or more positive criteria for OCS compared to those who used their smartphone less than 2 hours per day (P < .00001). Discussion The results of this study demonstrate a possible relationship between smartphone use and OCS. Additional research needs to be conducted to further investigate these results to determine their significance in clinical practice.

Incompleteness and Harm Avoidance in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pallanti ◽  
Jennifer Barnes ◽  
Christopher Pittenger ◽  
Jane Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Substantial Fraction ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Not Just Right Experiences ◽  
Core Features

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been traditionally linked with the motivational dimension of harm avoidance (HA). However, there is increasing evidence for the involvement of a second core dimension, referred to as Incompleteness (INC) or “not just right experiences” (NJREs), in a substantial fraction of patients. INC-driven compulsions are typically driven by feelings of discomfort or tension, rather than by anxiety. Appreciation of the importance of INC in OCD is one of the factors that motivated the movement of OCD out of the Anxiety Disorders chapter and into its own grouping in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5). Both dimensions seem to contribute to OCD symptomatology, thus representing core features underlying the disorder. In this chapter, the differential roles and neural substrates of HA and INC are discussed, together with the consequent theoretical and clinical implications.

Hoarding Disorder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Hoarding disorder is characterized by an obsessive need to acquire, collect, or keep possessions and difficulty in organizing and discarding, resulting in accumulation of clutter, which elicits great concern from family and friends. Functioning is usually impaired in a variety of domains. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the disorder most closely associated with hoarding. Overvalued ideation regarding the value or usefulness of possessions may make it impossible for individuals to discard items. This review contains 1 table, and 22 references. Key words: clutter, diagnostic and statistical manual, etiology, hoarding, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder

OCD in Women: Diagnosis and Magnitude

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Pigott
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Area Survey ◽  
The Individual

Key Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) include the presence of either obsessions or compulsions, some recognition by the individual that their symptoms are excessive or irrational (except in children), duration of at least 1 hour/day, and association with marked distress or functional impairment. OCD patients report that somatic, religious, and sexual obsessions as well as those concerning contamination, aggression, symmetry, and hoarding are most common. The most frequent compulsions reported in OCD patients involve checking, cleaning, counting, repeating, and hoarding behaviors. Factor analyses of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) symptom checklist have also identified five primary symptom dimensions: aggression/checking; contamination/cleaning; symmetry/repeating, counting, or ordering rituals; hoarding; and a sexual/religious symptom dimension.Results from a large, 2-year prospective study suggest that symptoms of adult OCD are much more stable than previously thought, with any changes more likely to occur within, rather than between the symptom dimensions. Prevalence estimates based on the Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey and the Cross-National OCD Collaborative Group study indicate a worldwide lifetime prevalence rate for OCD of 2% to 3%. Females have a slightly higher risk (1.5 times) for OCD (Slide I). OCD onset is relatively early, generally during adolescence or young adulthood. The clinical course of OCD is generally chronic and complicated by comorbidities.

The critical reception of the DSM-5: Towards a typology of audiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 932-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Roy ◽  
Marie-Pier Rivest ◽  
Dahlia Namian ◽  
Nicolas Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Reception Theory ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Academic Publications

Since its initial publication, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has been the object of criticism which has led to regular revisions by the American Psychiatric Association. This article analyses the debates that surrounded the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Building on the concepts of public arenas and reception theory, it explores the meaning encoded in the manual by audiences. Our results, which draw from a thematic analysis of traditional and digital media sources, identify eight audiences that react to the American Psychiatric Association’s narrative of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.): conformist, reformist, humanist, culturalist, naturalist, conflictual, constructivist and utilitarian. While some of their claims present argumentative polarities, others overlap, thus challenging the idea, often presented in academic publications, of a fixed debate. In order to further discuss on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, we draw attention to claims that ‘travel’ across different communities of audiences.

From DSM-IV to DSM-5: an interim report from a cultural psychiatry perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Krishan Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cultural Psychiatry ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Cultural Assumptions ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

SummaryIn July 2012, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) closed its final commenting period on draft criteria for the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), slated for publication in May 2013. DSM-5 raises familiar questions about the cultural assumptions of proposed diagnoses, the scientific evidence base of these criteria and their validity in international settings. I review these issues since the publication of DSM-IV. I assess the cultural validity of DSM-5 and suggest areas of improvement.

scholarly journals PHDA: O que Há de Novo no DSM‑5

2016 ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Luís Oliveira ◽  
Marcelino Pereira ◽  
Maria Medeiros ◽  
Ana Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

A Perturbação de Hiperatividade/Défice de Atenção (PHDA) caracteriza‑se por manifestações comportamentais que afetam o normal funcionamento/desenvolvimento da criança, do adolescente e do adulto, em diferentes contextos de vida.Segundo o Manual de Diagnóstico e Estatística das Perturbações Mentais5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – DSM), a PHDA apresenta a robustez clínica necessária para ser considerada uma perturbação específica do neurodesenvolvimento.Neste artigo descrevemos as principais características da PHDA, valorizando aspetos relacionados com a epidemiologia, semiologia, comorbilidades e avaliação, mas sobretudo debatemos as alterações operadas aos critérios de diagnóstico no DSM‑5, nomeadamente: especificadores, idade de início, ponto de corte, e comorbilidade com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document