Multiple Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Samuel W. Samuel ◽  
Jianguo Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The diagnosis is based on evidence of at lease two different lesions in the CNS, at least two different episodes in the disease course, and chronic inflammation of the CNS as determined by analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid. Central neuropathic pain is the most common form of pain in patients with MS, with an estimated prevalence of about 50%. Along with the classical neuropathic pain features, such as spontaneous pain (dysesthesia and burning) and evoked pain (allodynia and hyperalgesia), patients with MS may also suffer from intermittent neuropathic pain, such as trigeminal neuralgia, Lhermitte sign, and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. In addition to disease-modifying therapies of MS, multiple treatments are available to manage neuropathic pain secondary to MS, including medical, interventional, and surgical treatments with varying levels of evidence.

scholarly journals HIV infection and multiple sclerosis: a case with unexpected “no evidence of disease activity” status

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199957
Author(s):  
Fernando Labella ◽  
Fernando Acebrón ◽  
María del Carmen Blanco-Valero ◽  
Alba Rodrígez-Martín ◽  
Ángela Monterde Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system whose etiology remains unclear. It has been suggested that MS can be triggered by certain viruses; however, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with reduced incidence of MS. We present the case of a young patient diagnosed with active relapsing-remitting MS whose clinical course substantially improved following HIV infection and treatment. The patient achieved no evidence of disease activity status without any disease-modifying drugs. Both HIV-induced immunosuppression and antiretroviral therapy may have attenuated the clinical course in this patient.

scholarly journals Alkali Burn Induced Corneal Spontaneous Pain and Activated Neuropathic Pain Matrix in the Central Nervous System in Mice

Cornea ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiang ◽  
Wenchang Zhou ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Alkali Burn ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Natalizumab (Tysabri) in multiple sclerosis patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Viola Sacchi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Immunomodulating Drugs

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease where dysregulated immune system elements (i.e. leucocytes) react against different components of the central nervous system (CNS), in particular myelin structures, causing several physical and mental symptoms,often progressing to total disability. While some treatments for MS provide only symptom relief, the most commonly drugs administered for altering the course of the disease are DMTs (disease-modifying therapies); nevertheless for more than ten years the only DMTs available were interferon β, glatiramer acetate (two immunomodulating drugs) and mitoxantrone (an immunosuppressant).

scholarly journals Blood serum amino acids profile in patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, affecting mostly young people. There were many risk factors for MS identified, however a direct cause of the disease is still unknown. Pathological changes in the SM lead to the myelin sheath damage around axons, what prevents proper transmission of nerve impulses in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was analyzing and comparing the amino acids profile in the blood serum of MS patients to control group of healthy individuals and evaluating the relationship between them. Significant (p<0.05) differences in the level of glutamate, aspartate and taurine in the blood serum of MS patients were revealed. A positive glutamate and aspartate level correlation in the serum has been demonstrated. Gender is significant only in the case of glutamate level in blood serum. The studies highlight the important role of neurotransmitters in MS and are the initial step in proteomic research.

scholarly journals Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: Past, present and future

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. E5-E12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ann Marrie
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative condition affecting the central nervous system. Like many neurologic diseases, it is chronic and incurable, and confers a substantial burden on affected individuals, their families and society. Although many individuals suffering from a serious chronic disease also suffer from comorbid conditions, the important consequences of their interaction often receive little attention. This was particularly true for MS two decades ago. Broadening our perspective by better understanding the effects of comorbidity on an individual with a particular chronic disease offers us an opportunity to improve understanding of prognosis, personalize disease management, develop new therapeutic approaches and illuminate the pathophysiology of disease. Source: Studies examining the incidence, prevalence and outcomes related to comorbidity in MS will be discussed, along with areas requiring further investigation. Conclusion: Comorbidity is highly prevalent in MS throughout the disease course. Comorbid conditions, including depression, anxiety, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and chronic lung disease, adversely affect a broad range of outcomes. Less is known about the effects of MS on outcomes related to these comorbid conditions. These findings highlight an urgent need to determine how to best prevent and treat comorbidity in MS.

Movement Disorders

2016 ◽  
pp. 619-624
Author(s):  
Anhar Hassan ◽  
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis, a disabling disorder that affects predominantly young adults between 20 and 50 years old. It affects women twice as often as men. Multiple sclerosis has a complex immunopathogenesis, variable prognosis, and an unpredictable course. Polygenic and environmental (possibly viral) factors probably have a substantial effect on susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.

Integrative Approaches to Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 219-242
Author(s):  
Marco Vespignani
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder specific to the central nervous system. The incidence of MS in the United States is roughly 400,000 cases, and worldwide there are approximately 2.5 million cases. It is one of the more common neurodegenerative disease and is thought to be autoimmune, although an antibody has not yet been identified. The current standard of treatment consists of disease-modifying drugs, which have their own toxicity profiles that can inflict further harm to a patient. Indeed, many patients are wary of initiating or continuing this type of treatment. Many patients include alternative treatment approaches. This chapter reviews an integrative approach based on our understanding of the disease and the current state of evidence.

scholarly journals Erythrocytes in multiple sclerosis – forgotten contributors to the pathophysiology?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 205521731664998
Author(s):  
Kira Groen ◽  
Vicki E Maltby ◽  
Katherine A Sanders ◽  
Rodney J Scott ◽  
Lotti Tajouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by lymphocytic infiltration of the central nervous system and subsequent destruction of myelin and axons. On the background of a genetic predisposition to autoimmunity, environmental triggers are assumed to initiate the disease. The majority of MS research has focused on the pathological involvement of lymphocytes and other immune cells, yet a paucity of attention has been given to erythrocytes, which may play an important role in MS pathology. The following review briefly summarises how erythrocytes may contribute to MS pathology through impaired antioxidant capacity and altered haemorheological features. The effect of disease-modifying therapies on erythrocytes is also reviewed. It may be important to further investigate erythrocytes in MS, as this could broaden the understanding of the pathological mechanisms of the disease, as well as potentially lead to the discovery of novel and innovative targets for future therapies.

Myricetin alleviates cuprizone-induced behavioral dysfunction and demyelination in mice by Nrf2 pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4332-4342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianying Zhang ◽  
Zhike Li ◽  
Shuangchan Wu ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Ying Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Behavioral Dysfunction ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease occurring in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Disease Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. E. Williams ◽  
S. K. Oparah ◽  
E. E. Philip-Ephraim
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disease Modifying

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination and axonal degeneration. It is the commonest cause of permanent disability in young adults. Environmental and genetic factors have been suggested in its etiology. Currently available disease modifying drugs are only effective in controlling inflammation but not prevention of neurodegeneration or accumulation of disability. Search for an effective neuroprotective therapy is at the forefront of multiple sclerosis research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document