Pulmonary and Mycobacterial Infections

2016 ◽  
pp. 505-520
Author(s):  
Pritish K. Tosh ◽  
Elie F. Berbari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Mycobacterial Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Health Care Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP) cause 25% of all infections in the intensive care unit and are the basis for 50% of all antimicrobials prescribed in the hospital. These are primarily bacterial infections and are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, pneumonias occurring before the fifth day of hospitalization are generally caused by organisms that are more susceptible to antimicrobials and have a better prognosis than those occurring on or after the fifth hospital day. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to HAP, VAP, and HCAP are similar.

scholarly journals Management of Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP)

2013 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Alessia Rosato ◽  
Claudio Santini
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Health Care Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Introduction The traditional classification of Pneumonia as either community acquired (CAP) or hospital acquired (HAP) reflects deep differences in the etiology, pathogenesis, approach and prognosis between the two entities. Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) develops in a heterogeneous group of patients receiving invasive medical care or surgical procedures in an outpatient setting. For epidemiology and outcomes, HCAP closely resembles HAP and possibly requires an analogous therapeutic regimen effective against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Materials and methods We reviewed the pertinent literature and the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of HCAP to analyze the evidence for the recommended approach. Results Growing evidence seems to confirm the differences in epidemiology and outcome between HCAP and CAP but fails to confirm any real advantage in pursuing an aggressive treatment for all HCAP and CAP patients. Discussion Further investigations are needed to establish the optimal treatment approach according to the different categories of patients and the different illness severities. Keywords Health Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP); Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP); Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP); Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pathogens

scholarly journals Risk factors and mortality from hospital acquired pneumonia in the Stroke Intensive Care Unit

Medwave ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. e5637-e5637
Author(s):  
Liudmila Carnesoltas Suarez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Serra Valdés ◽  
Rosario O’Farrill Lazo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired

scholarly journals The Influence of Propolis on Dental Plaque Reduction and the Correlation between Dental Plaque and Severity of COVID-19 Complications—A Literature Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5516
Author(s):  
Anna Kurek-Górecka ◽  
Karolina Walczyńska-Dragon ◽  
Rafael Felitti ◽  
Aleksandra Nitecka-Buchta ◽  
Stefan Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Current studies suggest that cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque influence the severity of COVID-19 complications since the oral cavity is a reservoir for respiratory pathogens potentially responsible for the development of hospital-acquired pneumonia. This article focuses on the association between dental plaque and COVID-19 concerning the influence of altered oral biofilm on the risk of increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, it concentrates on the usefulness of propolis, with its apitherapeutic antibacterial properties, for treating oral bacterial infections co-occurring with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A review of the literature on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Medline between 2000 and 2021 revealed 56 published articles indicating that a link between dental plaque and COVID-19 complications was probable. Furthermore, they indicated that propolis may minimize COVID-19 severity by reducing dental plaque accumulation. The possibility that improved oral health could reduce the risk of COVID-19 complications should be of interest to scientists.

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