Current Approved Pharmacotherapies for Substance Use Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis S. Hammond ◽  
Eric C. Strain
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Investigational Drugs ◽  
The Us

About 3%–6% of the US population (an estimated 17 million people) were diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD) in 2014. This significant problem requires continued development of appropriate and effective therapies. Current treatments often include a combination of both pharmacologic and psychosocial modalities, tailored to an individual’s needs. This chapter provides a general overview of the pharmacotherapies that are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for particular SUD indications. Those SUDs for which there are approved treatments include opioids, nicotine, and alcohol use disorders. Promising non-approved or investigational drugs are also briefly reviewed.

The misuse of alcohol and drugs

2012 ◽  
pp. 441-484
Author(s):  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Tom Burns
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Psychoactive Drug ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

The phrases substance use disorder (DSM-IV) or disorders due to psychoactive drug use (ICD-10) are used to refer to conditions arising from the misuse of alcohol, psychoactive drugs, or other chemicals such as volatile substances. In this chapter, problems related to alcohol will be discussed first under the general heading of alcohol use disorders. Problems related to drugs and other chemicals will then be discussed under the general heading of other substance use disorders.

Substance use disorders in older people

2012 ◽  
pp. 1540-1546
Author(s):  
Henry O’Connell ◽  
Brian Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Older People ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Illegal Drugs

This chapter is divided into three main sections, focussing respectively on alcohol use disorders (AUDs), medication use disorders (MUDs), and use of illegal substances and nicotine, in older people. In each section we focus in detail on definitions and diagnosis, epidemiology, aetiology, clinical features, investigations, screening, management, and prognosis. More is known about AUDs in older people, hence this section is the longest, but MUDs in older people is also a significant problem and abuse of illegal drugs may become increasingly important in future years.

Substance Use Disorders and Intentional Injury

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Janet Kuramoto-Crawford ◽  
Holly C. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Intentional Injuries ◽  
Drug Use Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Intentional injuries affect millions of lives worldwide. The authors provide an overview of the epidemiological and preventive evidence on the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and intentional injuries. Emphasis is placed on suicide and intimate partner violence, as each area has received substantial research attention in relation to SUD. There is robust epidemiological evidence on the relationship between SUD, notably with alcohol use disorders, and most intentional injuries. Research has focused on the identification of factors that distinguish individuals with alcohol use disorders who are at particularly high risk for intentional injuries. Characterization of those with other drug use disorders who are at risk for engaging in intentional injuries and the role of SUD in intentional injuries has been less extensively investigated. The authors conclude with a discussion of public health approaches to the prevention of intentional injuries among individuals with SUD.

scholarly journals The influence of the comorbidity between depression and alcohol use disorder on suicidal behaviors in the São Paulo Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Mendonça Coêlho ◽  
Laura Helena Andrade ◽  
Francisco Bevilacqua Guarniero ◽  
Yuan-Pang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in a community sample the association of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors ("thoughts of death", "desire for death", "suicidal thoughts", and "suicidal attempts") with the comorbidity of depressive disorders (major depressive episode or dysthymia) and alcohol or substance use disorders. METHOD: The sample was 1464 subjects interviewed in their homes using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to generate DSM-III-R diagnosis. Descriptive statistics depicted the prevalence of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors by socio-demographic variables and diagnoses considered (major depressive episode, dysthymia, alcohol or substance use disorders). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of comorbid major depressive episode/dysthymia and alcohol or substance use disorders on each of the suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. RESULTS: The presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia was significantly associated with suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. In the regression models, suicide-related cognitions and behaviors were predicted by major depressive episode (OR = range 2.3-9.2) and dysthymia (OR = range 5.1-32.6), even in the presence of alcohol use disorders (OR = range 2.3-4.0) or alcohol or substance use disorders (OR = range 2.7-2.8). The interaction effect was observed between major depressive episode and alcohol use disorders, as well as between dysthymia and gender. Substance use disorders were excluded from most of the models. CONCLUSION: Presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia influences suicide-related cognitions and behaviors, independently of the presence of alcohol or substance use disorders. However, alcohol use disorders and gender interact with depressive disorders, displaying a differential effect on suicide-related cognitions and behaviors.

scholarly journals Medications for Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Medication Assisted Treatment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Disorder ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
Client Needs

Medications can help clients safely and comfortably withdraw from substances such as alcohol, opiates, or sedatives if they have a physical addiction. The medicines used will depend on the drug or drugs on which they are dependent. Medication-assisted treatment is the use of medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, in combination with counseling and behavioral therapies, to provide a whole-client approach to the treatment of opioid, alcohol, or tobacco use disorders. The goals of this chapter are to learn about types of medication that aid recovery from a substance use disorder, to understand the reasons why some people may have problems with medication, to learn about withdrawal symptoms and medications that help, to understand the effects of drug and alcohol use on psychiatric medications, and to determine whether or not a client needs medication to help with his or her substance disorder.

Primer on Depression

Depression ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 197-217
Author(s):  
Naji C. Salloum ◽  
George I. Papakostas
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Investigational Drugs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Initial Medication

Several first-line antidepressant therapies are currently available for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), but in most patients depression fail to remits after an initial medication trial. In this chapter, we explore the evidence for different augmentation strategies used to enhance the response from an initial antidepressant monotherapy. Atypical antipsychotics, several of which are now approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as adjunctive agents for the treatment of MDD, and lithium are among the most evidence-based augmentation pharmacotherapies. Other therapies, such as bupropion, mirtazapine, triiodothyronine, nutraceuticals, and psychotherapy, are also commonly used. Additionally, several investigational drugs, including ketamine, esketamine, and ALKS 5461, with novel mechanisms of action, show promise.

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