Substance use disorders in older people

New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0199 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1540-1546

Author(s):

Henry O’Connell ◽

Brian Lawlor

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Older People ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Medication Use ◽

Significant Problem ◽

Illegal Drugs

This chapter is divided into three main sections, focussing respectively on alcohol use disorders (AUDs), medication use disorders (MUDs), and use of illegal substances and nicotine, in older people. In each section we focus in detail on definitions and diagnosis, epidemiology, aetiology, clinical features, investigations, screening, management, and prognosis. More is known about AUDs in older people, hence this section is the longest, but MUDs in older people is also a significant problem and abuse of illegal drugs may become increasingly important in future years.

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Current Approved Pharmacotherapies for Substance Use Disorders

10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0049 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alexis S. Hammond ◽

Eric C. Strain

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Drug Administration ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Food And Drug Administration ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Significant Problem ◽

Investigational Drugs ◽

The Us

About 3%–6% of the US population (an estimated 17 million people) were diagnosed with a substance use disorder (SUD) in 2014. This significant problem requires continued development of appropriate and effective therapies. Current treatments often include a combination of both pharmacologic and psychosocial modalities, tailored to an individual’s needs. This chapter provides a general overview of the pharmacotherapies that are currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for particular SUD indications. Those SUDs for which there are approved treatments include opioids, nicotine, and alcohol use disorders. Promising non-approved or investigational drugs are also briefly reviewed.

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Substance Use Disorders and Intentional Injury

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.002 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

S. Janet Kuramoto-Crawford ◽

Holly C. Wilcox

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Research Attention ◽

Intentional Injuries ◽

Drug Use Disorders ◽

The Relationship

Intentional injuries affect millions of lives worldwide. The authors provide an overview of the epidemiological and preventive evidence on the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and intentional injuries. Emphasis is placed on suicide and intimate partner violence, as each area has received substantial research attention in relation to SUD. There is robust epidemiological evidence on the relationship between SUD, notably with alcohol use disorders, and most intentional injuries. Research has focused on the identification of factors that distinguish individuals with alcohol use disorders who are at particularly high risk for intentional injuries. Characterization of those with other drug use disorders who are at risk for engaging in intentional injuries and the role of SUD in intentional injuries has been less extensively investigated. The authors conclude with a discussion of public health approaches to the prevention of intentional injuries among individuals with SUD.

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The influence of the comorbidity between depression and alcohol use disorder on suicidal behaviors in the São Paulo Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1590/s1516-44462010005000027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 396-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bruno Mendonça Coêlho ◽

Laura Helena Andrade ◽

Francisco Bevilacqua Guarniero ◽

Yuan-Pang Wang

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Depressive Episode ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Major Depressive Episode ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Major Depressive ◽

And Behaviors ◽

And Gender

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in a community sample the association of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors ("thoughts of death", "desire for death", "suicidal thoughts", and "suicidal attempts") with the comorbidity of depressive disorders (major depressive episode or dysthymia) and alcohol or substance use disorders. METHOD: The sample was 1464 subjects interviewed in their homes using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to generate DSM-III-R diagnosis. Descriptive statistics depicted the prevalence of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors by socio-demographic variables and diagnoses considered (major depressive episode, dysthymia, alcohol or substance use disorders). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of comorbid major depressive episode/dysthymia and alcohol or substance use disorders on each of the suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. RESULTS: The presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia was significantly associated with suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. In the regression models, suicide-related cognitions and behaviors were predicted by major depressive episode (OR = range 2.3-9.2) and dysthymia (OR = range 5.1-32.6), even in the presence of alcohol use disorders (OR = range 2.3-4.0) or alcohol or substance use disorders (OR = range 2.7-2.8). The interaction effect was observed between major depressive episode and alcohol use disorders, as well as between dysthymia and gender. Substance use disorders were excluded from most of the models. CONCLUSION: Presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia influences suicide-related cognitions and behaviors, independently of the presence of alcohol or substance use disorders. However, alcohol use disorders and gender interact with depressive disorders, displaying a differential effect on suicide-related cognitions and behaviors.

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The misuse of alcohol and drugs

Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry ◽

10.1093/med/9780199605613.003.0017 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 441-484

Author(s):

Philip Cowen ◽

Paul Harrison ◽

Tom Burns

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Psychoactive Drug ◽

Psychoactive Drugs ◽

Alcohol And Drugs ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Dsm Iv

The phrases substance use disorder (DSM-IV) or disorders due to psychoactive drug use (ICD-10) are used to refer to conditions arising from the misuse of alcohol, psychoactive drugs, or other chemicals such as volatile substances. In this chapter, problems related to alcohol will be discussed first under the general heading of alcohol use disorders. Problems related to drugs and other chemicals will then be discussed under the general heading of other substance use disorders.

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Substance Use Disorders in Men Presenting to a Psychosexual Clinic

ISRN Addiction ◽

10.1155/2014/486383 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Ravi Philip Rajkumar

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Family History ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Substance Dependence ◽

Causal Relation ◽

Alcohol Use Disorders ◽

Community Based ◽

History Of ◽

A Current

Introduction. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are commonly associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders. Community-based studies have found a significant association between SUDs and sexual dysfunction in men, with a possible causal relation in the case of nicotine. Methods. The case records of 105 men presenting to a clinic for patients with psychosexual disorders were reviewed. Men with and without comorbid SUDs were compared in terms of demographic, clinical, and familial variables. Results. 25 of the 105 men (23.8%) had a lifetime diagnosis of SUD, and 19 (18.1%) had a current SUD. The commonest substances involved were nicotine (n = 21, 20%) and alcohol (n = 9, 9.5%). Men with comorbid SUDs were more likely to report a family history of substance dependence, particularly alcoholism. Single men with SUDs were more likely to have a comorbid mood disorder. Conclusion. SUDs, particularly nicotine and alcohol use disorders, are common comorbidities in patients with psychosexual disorders. Identifying and treating these disorders in this population are important aspects of management.

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