Sociocultural Issues in Psychiatry

This book explains fundamental concepts in cultural psychiatry using a case-based format and is geared toward clinicians and educators in the mental health fields. Whereas similar books have focused on providing guidelines for working clinically with specific populations, such as racial/ethnic or sexual/gender minorities, this book aims to expand the concept of culture as both multifactorial and dynamic, and to enhance knowledge and skills for translating theory into practice across diverse patient populations and clinical contexts. Chapters cover culture as a multidimensional construct; the way cultural issues have been treated in successive editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; global psychiatric epidemiology; social determinants of psychiatric illness; the checkered past of psychiatry as a profession; minority stress theory; explanatory models of mental illness; the roles that religion, spirituality, gender, and sexuality play in the psychiatric encounter; implicit bias; how to respond to patients who request a provider of a specific race or gender; handling cultural challenges; and teaching sociocultural psychiatry across the lifespan. The goal of the book is to educate mental health clinicians at all levels, whether trainees, junior faculty, or senior faculty engaged in lifelong learning.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen J. LeBlanc ◽  
David M. Frost

We simultaneously examined the effects of individual- and couple-level minority stressors on mental health among people in same-sex relationships. Individual-level minority stressors emerge from the stigmatization of sexual minority individuals; couple-level minority stressors emerge from the stigmatization of same-sex relationships. Dyadic data from 100 same-sex couples from across the United States were analyzed with actor–partner interdependence models. Couple-level stigma was uniquely associated with nonspecific psychological distress, depressive symptomatology, and problematic drinking, net the effects of individual-level stigma and relevant sociodemographic controls. Analyses also show that couple-level minority stress played unique roles in critical stress processes of minority stress proliferation: minority stress expansion and minority stress contagion. The inclusion of couple-level stress constructs represents a useful extension of minority stress theory, enriching our capacity to deepen understandings of minority stress experience and its application in the study of well-being and health inequalities faced by vulnerable populations.


Author(s):  
Martin Plöderl ◽  
Lieselotte Mahler ◽  
Timo O. Nieder ◽  
Götz Mundle

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) individuals face specific mental health challenges, as will be described in this chapter. Many studies reported elevated mental health problems for LGB individuals compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Fewer studies are available for trans(-gender) and inter(-sex) individuals, but the majority reported increased levels of mental health problems compared with their cisgendered or non-inter counterparts. Current explanatory models centre on the pathogenic effect of homonegativity, transnegativity, and internegativity, as well as the underlying rigid gender roles, resulting in minority stressors that LGBTI individuals and those who are perceived as LGBTI are faced with. Such experienced or internalized minority stress can explain mental health disparities well. This contrasts with the long-standing medical view that LGBTI conditions are inherently pathological. Evidence-based LGBTI-specific prevention and intervention programmes are emerging.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mislael Valentín‐Cortés ◽  
Quetzabel Benavides ◽  
Richard Bryce ◽  
Ellen Rabinowitz ◽  
Raymond Rion ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 865-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Hidalgo ◽  
Diane Chen

Per minority stress theory, sexual and gender minorities are susceptible to bias-related social stressors that can internalize and increase their susceptibility to poor physical and mental health. Parents of transgender/gender-expansive (TGE) children may also encounter a number of stressors on account of their child’s gender experience. No known research had examined how these stressors align within a minority stress framework. This qualitative study examined and characterized minority stress phenomena in a clinically derived sample of English-speaking, cisgender parents of TGE children aged ≤11 years. Study findings included reports of distal and proximal forms of minority stress, with notable impact on health and well-being. Researchers highlight treatment implications and suggest studies continue to examine minority stress in parents of TGE children.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Cristiano Scandurra ◽  
Andrea Pennasilico ◽  
Concetta Esposito ◽  
Fabrizio Mezza ◽  
Roberto Vitelli ◽  
...  

Bisexual people are a strongly stigmatized population experiencing health disparities caused by social stigmatization. The predominant framework helping to understand these health disparities and the impact of stigma on mental health of social groups belonging to a sexual minority identity constitutes the minority stress theory. In Italy, studies assessing this model in bisexual populations are very limited. Within this framework, the current study aimed at assessing in 381 Italian bisexual individuals (62 men and 319 women) the effects of anti-bisexual discrimination, proximal stressors (i.e., anticipated binegativity, internalized binegativity, and outness), and resilience on psychological distress. The results suggested that only anti-bisexual discrimination and internalized binegativity were positively associated with psychological distress, and that resilience was negatively associated with mental health issues. Furthermore, the results suggested that internalized binegativity mediated the relationship between anti-bisexual discrimination and mental health problems. No moderating effect of resilience was found. This is the first study to have thoroughly applied minority stress in Italian bisexual people, providing Italian clinicians and researchers with an outline of the associations between minority stress, stigma, resilience, and psychological distress within this population.


Author(s):  
Nuria Vázquez López ◽  
María Fernández Rodríguez ◽  
Elena García Vega ◽  
Patricia Guerra Mora

Background: Trans people may find themselves in a situation of social discrimination, reflected in their health and in the lack of scientific research. The minority stress theory points out the importance of social support for the stress of sexual or gender minorities. This study aims to explore social support and its dimensions in this population. Method: 81 people participate, of which 36 are trans and 45 non-trans (cisgender), as a control group. The Mos Social Support Survey is applied to measure perceived social support and a questionnaire with sociodemographic variables. Results: The results show that there are no differences in the perceived social support between both groups. However, sociodemographic variables such as having a partner, age, and employment situation show change for the trans population in some dimensions. Conclusion: These findings promote future lines of research that expand the knowledge of these variables in this group.


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