Psychotropic Medications and Sleep

2020 ◽  
pp. 482-496
Author(s):  
William C. Jangro ◽  
Daniel A. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents

Psychiatric disorders, apart from impairing functioning during waking hours, also exert profound effects on sleep. The interventions used in treating these disorders can exert equally strong influences on sleep homeostasis. Pharmacologic agents that treat psychiatric disorders give rise to a broad range of effects on sleep, both beneficial and deleterious. This chapter reviews the available data on how sleep is affected by medications commonly used for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. While the focus will be on antidepressants, antiepileptic mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics, as these are the best studied medication classes in the psychiatric population, hypnotics and stimulants are also addressed. The authors focus, where available, on studies conducted in psychiatric populations.

scholarly journals Trends and practices in prescribing anti-psychotropic medications in hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders in a secondary care hospital in Ras al Khaimah

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Javedh Shareef ◽  
Padma G. M. Rao ◽  
Itaf Mohamad Ayman
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Rational Drug

Background: Advances in the psycho-pharmacotherapy enhance the development of newer and better drugs in the management of psychiatric disorders. However, their proper utilization, safety and efficacy and adverse effects in the clinical practice needs continuous study. The study aimed to assess the trends and practice of prescribing psychotropic medications in hospitalized patients in a secondary care hospital in Ras Al Khaimah.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of six months in a psychiatry department. All the patient details including the demographic data and prescribing pattern of antipsychotic medication were collected from the patient case records and were later analysed by using descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 50 patient’s prescription were analysed during the study period. Male (54%) predominance was noted over females (46%) with majority (64%) of patients were in the age group of 21-40 years. Schizophrenia (35.8%) was the most common psychiatric disorders followed by affective disorders (30.86%). The average number of psychiatric drugs per prescription was found to be 3.38±1.23. Antipsychotics (43.36%) were the commonly prescribed class of medications followed by mood stabilizers (12.38%) and anxiolytics (11.06%) with olanzapine (n=26), sodium valproate (n=21) and clonazepam (n=9) being frequently prescribed medications. Escitalopram (n=9) was the most commonly used anti-depressants. Combination therapy (86%) is preferred over monotherapy (14%).Conclusions: This study helps to assist in ensuring rational drug therapy and reducing the incidence of drug related problems and medication errors and thereby enhancing the quality of care in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Toe Support Pattern as a New Predictive Factor Associated with Falls in Older People with Psychiatric Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Pérez Pico ◽  
María José Iglesias Sánchez ◽  
Félix Marcos Tejedor ◽  
Raquel Mayordomo Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ground Contact Time ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loading ◽  
Toe Pressure

Background Maintaining autonomy is one of the principal objectives for seniors and people with psychiatric disorders. Podiatric medical care can help them maintain autonomy. This work aimed to characterize and quantify the support of the toes in a psychiatric population by analyzing the influence of psychotropic medications and toe and foot support parameters on the prevalence of falls. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in 67 participants (31 people with psychiatric disorders and 36 without diagnosed disorders [control population]). Toe support pattern was analyzed with a pressure platform. Variables were measured in static and dynamic loading and related to falls and psychotropic medication use. Results The psychiatric population fell more than the control population and presented less toe-ground contact in static measurements, although it has more foot-ground contact time. Maximum toe pressure during toe-off is also less intensive in the psychiatric population and is related to people who take psychotropic medications. Conclusions Toe support pattern could be used as a predictive factor for falls and to improve stability in these populations.

Is adult hippocampal neurogenesis really relevant for the treatment of psychiatric disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Carli ◽  
Stefano Aringhieri ◽  
Shivakumar Kolachalam ◽  
Biancamaria Longoni ◽  
Giovanna Grenno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Newborn Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Circuitry

: Adult neurogenesis consists in the generation of newborn neurons from neural stem cells taking place in the adult brain. In mammals, this process is limited to very few areas of the brain, and one of these neurogenic niches is the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Adult newborn neurons are generated from quiescent neural progenitors (QNPs), which differentiate through different steps into mature granule cells (GCs), to be finally integrated into the existing hippocampal circuitry. In animal models, adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is relevant for pattern discrimination, cognitive flexibility, emotional processing and resilience to stressful situations. Imaging techniques allow to visualize newborn neurons within the hippocampus through all their stages of development and differentiation. In humans, the evidence of AHN is more challenging, and, based on recent findings, it persists through the adulthood, even if it declines with age. Whether this process has an important role in human brain function and how it integrates into the existing hippocampal circuitry is still a matter of exciting debate. Importantly, AHN deficiency has been proposed to be relevant in many psychiatric disorders, including mood disorders, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia. This review aims to investigate how AHN is altered in different psychiatric conditions and how pharmacological treatments can rescue this process. In fact, many psychoactive drugs, such as antidepressants, mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), can boost AHN with different results. In addition, some non-pharmacological approaches are discussed as well.

scholarly journals Evaluation of psychotropic medications use among elderly with psychiatric disorders in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkarim M. Meraya ◽  
Otilia J F Banji ◽  
Moteb A Khobrani ◽  
Abdulaziz Alhossan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Medications

Sleep-Related Movement Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Ravi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Treatable Condition

Sleep-related movement disorders include disorders that manifest as simple and mostly stereotyped movements occurring at sleep–wake interface or during sleep. Restless legs syndrome (RLS), the most common sleep-related movement disorder. RLS is a treatable condition that psychiatrists must be familiar with due to its common comorbidity with a broad range of psychiatric disorders. In addition, commonly used psychotropic medications are known to induce or worsen RLS symptoms in predisposed individuals, and these symptoms may be mistaken for akathisia or sleep-initiation insomnia and lead to mismanagement. This chapter discusses, among other RLS-related topics, the diagnosis, epidemiology, predisposing factors, genetic factors, and the role of iron metabolism.

scholarly journals Effect of Psychotropic Medications on Hammertoe Reconstruction Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 247301142094413
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Maidman ◽  
Amalie E. Nash ◽  
Amanda Fantry ◽  
Shay Tenenbaum ◽  
Yahya Daoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Before And After

Background: Hammertoe deformities can seriously affect activity level and footwear. The use of prescription, mood-altering medications is very common, with some estimates as high as 25% of the population. Mood disorders, especially depression, negatively affect the results of medical and operative treatments. This study assessed the relationship of mood-altering medication use with the outcomes and complications of operative reconstruction of hammertoes. Methods: Data were prospectively collected from 116 patients who underwent hammertoe reconstruction, including demographic information, medical history, the use of mood-altering psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and mood stabilizers), and postoperative complications. Preoperative patient-reported outcomes were measured using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), which were repeated at 1-year follow-up. Results: A total of 36.2% of patients were taking psychotropic medications. Medication and nonmedication groups had similar pain VAS and SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores before and after surgery. Compared with nonmedication patients, patients on psychotropic medications had significantly lower SF-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores preoperatively ( P = .001) and postoperatively ( P = .006), but no significant difference in the change in MCS (ΔMCS) from preoperative to postoperative. Psychotropic medication use was associated with superficial wound infections ( P = .048), but not other complications. Conclusions: Patients taking psychotropic medications were equally likely to benefit from forefoot reconstruction as nonmedication patients. Preoperative and postoperative PCS and VAS were not significantly different between medication and nonmedication groups. Although the medication group had lower absolute MCS, they reported the same magnitude of improvement in MCS (ΔMCS) as the nonmedication group. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.

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