Imaging of Erosive Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
pp. 200-202
Author(s):  
Daichi Hayashi ◽  
Ali Guermazi ◽  
Frank W. Roemer
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Erosive Osteoarthritis ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Radiographic Changes ◽  
Active Synovitis ◽  
Hand Radiography

Chapter 45 discusses imaging of erosive osteoarthritis (EOA), a severe phenotype of osteoarthritis (OA) characterized by erosions and superimposed synovitis, most typically seen in women in the interphalangeal (IP) joints of the hand. Radiography is the primary imaging modality used in the diagnosis of EOA. EOA is distinguished from non-EOA based on the presence of erosions on radiography. US and MRI can be useful in detecting erosions, joint effusion, and active synovitis that may precede radiographic changes. The most common differential diagnosis of EOA is psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which exhibits additional characteristic imaging features such as bony proliferations and periostitis.

Presumptive Subdural Empyema in a Dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taemi Horikawa ◽  
Edward MacKillop ◽  
Anne Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subdural Empyema ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Meningeal Enhancement ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Repeat Imaging

A 13 mo old mixed-breed dog was referred for acute lateralized forebrain signs. MRI of the brain demonstrated abnormalities consistent with severe meningitis and subdural empyema secondary to a retrobulbar abscess. The dog’s clinical signs improved with antibiotic therapy, and repeat imaging showed resolution of subdural fluid accumulation presumed to be empyema with mild residual meningeal enhancement. Subdural empyema is an infrequent cause of encephalopathy in small animals and usually develops through direct extension of a pericranial infection. This report presents a case of presumptive subdural empyema in a dog that was successfully treated without surgical intervention. MRI is the preferred imaging modality for diagnosis of subdural empyema, and the characteristic imaging features are described.

Psoriatic Arthritis

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Serologic Markers ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Distal Interphalangeal ◽  
Joint Erosions ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
Nail Involvement

Chapter 33 discusses psoriatic arthritis, which is a seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SpA) affecting the peripheral and axial skeleton that may precede skin manifestations. Psoriatic arthritis is a challenging diagnosis because it often initially presents without psoriasis, lacks specific serologic markers, and resembles osteoarthritis and other inflammatory arthropathies. It is associated with joint erosions, destruction, and ankylosis often involving the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. Radiography is the primary imaging modality for initial diagnosis and monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy. Skin and nail involvement and characteristic imaging findings are key criteria for diagnosis. MRI and US of symptomatic joints and/or MRI of the sacroiliac (SI) joints may be useful in clinically challenging cases.

scholarly journals Adrenal imaging: anatomy and pathology (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
T. A. Korb ◽  
V. Yu. Chernina ◽  
I. A. Blokhin ◽  
O. O. Aleshina ◽  
A. V. Vorontsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Tomography ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Adrenal Imaging

This literature review focuses on the normal adrenal gland anatomy and typical imaging features necessary to evaluate benign and malignant lesions. In particular, adenoma, pheochromocytoma, metastases and adrenocortical carcinoma were discussed as some of the most common lesions. For this purpose, a review of relevant local and international literature sources up to January 2021 was conducted.In many cases, adrenal incidentalomas have distinctive features allowing characterization using noninvasive methods. It is possible to suspect a malignant nature and promptly refer the patient for the necessary invasive examinations in some cases. ­Computed tomography, especially with intravenous contrast enhancement, is the primary imaging modality because it enables differential diagnosis. Magnetic resonance tomography remains a sensitive method in lesion detection and follow-up but is not very specific for determining the malignant potential. Positron emission computed tomography also remains an additional method and is used mainly for differential diagnosis of malignant tumors, detecting metastases and recurrences after surgical treatment. Ultrasound has a limited role but is nevertheless of great importance in the pediatric population, especially newborns. Promising techniques such as radiomics and dual-energy CT can expand imaging capabilities and improve diagnostic accuracy.Because adrenal lesions are often incidentally detected by imaging performed for other reasons, it is vital to interpret such findings correctly. This review should give the reader a broad overview of how different imaging modalities can evaluate adrenal pathology and guide radiologists and clinicians.

Giant cell tumours of the mobile spine: characteristic imaging features and differential diagnosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 681-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Jue Si ◽  
Chen-Guang Wang ◽  
Cheng-Sheng Wang ◽  
Lian-Jun Du ◽  
Xiao-Yi Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Mobile Spine ◽  
Giant Cell Tumours ◽  
Characteristic Imaging

scholarly journals Insight into gastrointestinal heterotopic pancreas: imaging evaluation and differential diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai-Wei Yang ◽  
Feng Che ◽  
Xi-Jiao Liu ◽  
Yuan Yin ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Heterotopic Pancreas ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractHeterotopic pancreas (HP) is an uncommon congenital abnormality in the developmental process of the pancreas, with gastrointestinal heterotopic pancreas (GHP) being the most common HP. The clinical manifestations of GHP may have variable patterns of presentation, dictated by both the anatomic location and the functional ability of the lesion. The most common imaging modality in detecting GHP is computed tomography (CT), while gastrointestinal barium fluoroscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also applied. The density and enhancement patterns of GHP are consistent with histological classifications. GHP with a predominantly acinar tissue component manifests homogeneous and marked enhancement on CT images, whereas a predominantly ductal GHP presents heterogeneous and mild enhancement. On MRI, the appearance and signal intensity of GHP were paralleled to the normal pancreas on all sequences and were characterized by T1-weighted high signal and early marked enhancement. This article provides a comprehensive review of the histopathology, clinical manifestations, imaging features of various modalities, and differential diagnosis of GHP. It is hoped that this review will improve clinicians’ knowledge of GHP and aid in accurate preoperative diagnosis, thereby reducing the misdiagnosis rate.

scholarly journals Cystic echinococcosis, review and illustration of non-hepatic manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Christoph F. Dietrich ◽  
Wiem Douira-Khomsi ◽  
Hassen Gharbi ◽  
Malay Sharma ◽  
Xin Wu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
Broad Variety

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatidosis (hydatid cysts), is an infection with a wide spectrum of manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to fatal disease. Ultrasound (US) allows screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment guidance and follow-up of CE under many circumstances. Hydatid cysts are predominantly observed in the liver but many other organs can be involved. As part of a series of publications, herewith we present a review describing the characteristic imaging features of the broad variety of organs which can be involved.

A Case of an Extraosseous Pretibial Ganglion Cyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
Catrin Wigley ◽  
Guy Morris ◽  
Scott Evans ◽  
Rajesh Botchu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ganglion Cyst ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Oncology Service ◽  
Orthopedic Oncology

Pretibial lesion can have a plethora of differential diagnosis. We report a case of extraosseous pretibial ganglion cyst which was referred to our orthopedic oncology service and described the imaging features.

Myxofibrosarcoma: clinical and prognostic value of MRI features

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Spinnato ◽  
Andrea Sambri ◽  
Tomohiro Fujiwara ◽  
Luca Ceccarelli ◽  
Roberta Clinca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Mri Features

: Myxofibrosarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in the elderly. It is characterized by an extremely high rate of local recurrence, higher than other soft tissue tumors, and a relatively low risk of distant metastases.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of myxofibrosarcoma and plays a key role in the preoperative setting of these patients.MRI features associated with high risk of local recurrence are: high myxoid matrix content (water-like appearance of the lesions), high grade of contrast enhancement, presence of an infiltrative pattern (“tail sign”). On the other hand, MRI features associated with worse sarcoma specific survival are: large size of the lesion, deep location, high grade of contrast enhancement. Recognizing the above-mentioned imaging features of myxofibrosarcoma may be helpful to stratify the risk for local recurrence and disease-specific survival. Moreover, the surgical planning should be adjusted according to the MRI features

scholarly journals Imaging diagnosis of classical and new pneumoconiosis: predominant reticular HRCT pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Masanori
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Fibrosis ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Characteristic Imaging ◽  
The Individual

AbstractOur understanding of the manifestations of pneumoconioses is evolving in recent years. Associations between novel exposures and diffuse interstitial lung disease have been newly recognized. In advanced asbestosis, two types of fibrosis are seen, probably related to dose of exposure, existence of pleural fibrosis, and the host factor status of the individual. In pneumoconiosis of predominant reticular type, nodular opacities are often seen in the early phase. The nodular pattern is centrilobular, although some in metal lung show perilymphatic distribution, mimicking sarcoidosis. High-resolution computed tomography enables a more comprehensive correlation between the pathologic findings and clinically relevant imaging findings. The clinician must understand the spectrum of characteristic imaging features related to both known dust exposures and to historically recent new dust exposures.

scholarly journals Not all that glitters is COVID! Differential diagnosis of FDG-avid interstitial lung disease in low-prevalence regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Papa ◽  
Chiara Pozzessere ◽  
Francesco Cicone ◽  
Fabiola Rizzuto ◽  
Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Similar Imaging

Abstract Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is only one of the many possible infectious and non-infectious diseases that may occur with similar imaging features in patients undergoing [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) monitoring, particularly in the most fragile oncologic patients. We briefly summarise some key radiological elements of differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases which, in our opinion, could be extremely useful for physicians reporting 18FDG PET/CT scans, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also for their normal routine activity.

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