Conditions of the eyes, ears, nose, and throat

2018 ◽  
pp. 397-440
Author(s):  
Maria Flynn ◽  
Dave Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Vision Disorders ◽  
Health States ◽  
Summary Table ◽  
Ent Surgery ◽  
Nose And Throat ◽  
General Nurse

Many disorders of vision and hearing are concomitant with the growing elderly demographic, and conditions of the eyes, ears, nose, and throat are often associated with other health states. Whilst ophthalmic and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) interventions are largely the domain of distinct clinical specialisms, general adult nurses are likely to encounter people with eyes and ENT conditions across all care settings. This chapter outlines key facts about eye and vision disorders and ENT conditions which are likely to be useful to the general nurse. These include an overview of common conditions, investigations, and treatments. The chapter also includes short sections of key facts related to ophthalmic and ENT surgery. Important nursing considerations for decision-making and practice are outlined, and an overview of frequently prescribed medications is presented in a summary table.

scholarly journals 666 Innovations in ENT Surgery During The COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aziz ◽  
M Benamer ◽  
S Hany ◽  
Y Sahib
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ent Surgery ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Theatre Staff ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Nose And Throat

Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID – 19) global pandemic. Similar coronavirus epidemics over the past years affected healthcare workers significantly. Aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) presented a unique risk to ear, nose and throat (ENT) Surgeons. We introduce various methods of reducing risk in ENT AGPs. Recommendations During trachesostomies we advocate the adoption of a specialist checklist based on ENT UK guidelines. We also advise the use of a clear drape to create a clear barrier between the patient and staff. For ear surgery we advise suturing 2 microscope pieces together end-to-end so that a clear drape can sperate the patient from surgeon. During nasal and sinus surgery, we advise attaching a clear drape to the sterile camera drape used in rigid nasal endoscopy to create a barrier between patient and surgeon. Discussion Our recommendations will create an extra barrier between the patient and the rest of healthcare team. This should reduce the risks to theatre staff from AGPs. Conclusions COVID 19 is a serious health issue affecting healthcare workers, especially during AGPs in ENT surgery. We recommend several techniques to reduce risk. These can also be used during future epidemics.

Ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
Norbert Banhidy ◽  
David Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ent Surgery ◽  
Nose And Throat

Ear, nose and throat surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 755-782
Author(s):  
Grant Turner
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Radical Neck Dissection ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
Jet Ventilation ◽  
Ent Surgery ◽  
Nose And Throat

This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery (otolaryngological surgery). It begins with a discussion of relevant general principles (including the shared airway), and covers airway obstruction and jet ventilation. Surgical procedures covered include grommet insertion; tonsillectomy; adenoidectomy; myringoplasty; stapedectomy; tympanoplasty; nasal cavity surgery; microlaryngoscopy; tracheostomy; laryngectomy; radical neck dissection, and parotidectomy. It includes pertinent anaesthetic features for a series of additional miscellaneous ENT procedures.

scholarly journals A Survey on National Selection for Specialty Training

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A Cunningham ◽  
CE Rennie ◽  
NS Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Advisory Committee ◽  
Specialty Training ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Ent Surgery ◽  
Selection Interviews ◽  
Selection For ◽  
National Selection ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Nose And Throat

In April 2010 the first national selection interviews for otolaryngology specialty training year three (ST3) recruitment were held in Leeds. Like many other medical and surgical specialties in the UK and abroad, ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery has now moved to a nationally coordinated system of application and shortlisting, and a single-centre interview. This change has been brought about by the governing bodies, the specialist advisory committee and the UK Association of Programme Directors in ENT following a pilot in 2009.

Robotics in ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery

2012 ◽  
pp. 159-184
Author(s):  
B. Bell ◽  
M.D. Caversaccio ◽  
S. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Ent Surgery ◽  
Nose And Throat

ENT Surgery

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Ashis Banerjee ◽  
Anisa J. N. Jafar ◽  
Angshuman Mukherjee ◽  
Christian Solomonides ◽  
Erik Witt
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Short Answer ◽  
Ent Surgery ◽  
Accompanying Symptoms ◽  
Short Answer Questions ◽  
Nose And Throat ◽  
Emergency Doctor

This chapter on ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery contains seven clinical Short Answer Questions (SAQs) with explanations and sources for further reading. Possible disorders and accompanying symptoms of ENT origin that may present in the emergency department include epistaxis, vertigo, peritonsillar abscess, nasal fracture, foreign bodies, and otitis externa. It will be up to the emergency doctor to assess, diagnose, and decide upon a treatment path for each patient. The cases described in this chapter are all situations any emergency doctor is likely to encounter at some point in his or her career. The material in this chapter will greatly aid revision for the Final FRCEM examination.

scholarly journals Setting Dead at Zero: Applying Scale Properties to the QALY Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Roudijk ◽  
A. Rogier T. Donders ◽  
Peep F.M. Stalmeier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Health Utility ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Health State ◽  
Ratio Scale ◽  
Health States ◽  
A Value ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Utility Scale

Introduction. Scaling severe states can be a difficult task. First, the method of measurement affects whether a health state is considered better or worse than dead. Second, in discrete choice experiments, different models to anchor health states on 0 (dead) and 1 (perfect health) produce varying amounts of health states worse than dead. Research Question. Within the context of the quality-adjusted life year (QALY) model, this article provides insight into the value assigned to dead and its consequences for decision making. Our research questions are 1) what are the arguments set forth to assign dead the number 0 on the health–utility scale? And 2) what are the effects of the position of dead on the health–utility scale on decision making? Methods. A literature review was conducted to explore the arguments set forth to assign dead a value of 0 in the QALY model. In addition, scale properties and transformations were considered. Results. The review uncovered several practical and theoretical considerations for setting dead at 0. In the QALY model, indifference between 2 health episodes is not preserved under changes of the origin of the duration scale. Ratio scale properties are needed for the duration scale to preserve indifferences. In combination with preferences and zero conditions for duration and health, it follows that dead should have a value of 0. Conclusions. The health–utility and duration scales have ratio scale properties, and dead should be assigned the number 0. Furthermore, the position of dead should be carefully established, because it determines how life-saving and life-improving values are weighed in cost–utility analysis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Propofol versus Dexamethasone for Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Ear, Nose, and Throat Surgery in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Yekatit 12th Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abere Tilahun Bantie ◽  
Wosenyeleh Admasu ◽  
Sintayehu Mulugeta ◽  
Abera Regassa Bacha ◽  
Desalegn Getnet Demsie
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Dexamethasone Group ◽  
Ent Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Nose And Throat

Background. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remain as common and unpleasant and highly distressful experience following ear, nose, and throat surgery. During ENT surgery, the incidence of PONV could be significantly reduced in patients who receive dexamethasone and propofol as prophylaxis. However, the comparative effectiveness of the two drugs has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of propofol and dexamethasone for prevention of PONV in ear, nose, and throat surgery. Methods. This study was conducted in 80 patients, with ASA I and II, aged 18–65 years, and scheduled for ENT surgery between December 20, 2017, and March 20, 2018. Patients were randomly assigned to Group A and Group B. Immediately after the procedure, Group A patients received single dose of intravenous (IV) dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) and Group B patients were given propofol (0.5 mg/kg, IV), and equal follow-up was employed. The incidence of PONV was noted at 6th, 12th, and 24th hour of drug administration. Independent t-test and Mann–Whitney test were used for comparison of symmetric numerical and asymmetric data between groups, respectively. Categorical data were analyzed with the chi-square test, and p value of < 0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results. The incidences of PONV throughout the 24-hour postoperative period were 35% in the propofol group and 25% in the dexamethasone group. Statistical significance was found in incidence of PONV (0% versus 22.5%) and use of antiemetic (0% versus 5%) between dexamethasone and propofol groups, respectively, at 12–24 hours. Over 24 hours, 5% in dexamethasone group and 12.5% in propofol group developed moderate PONV, while none of the participants felt severe PONV. Conclusions. Dexamethasone was more effective than propofol to prevent PONV with lower requirements of rescue antiemetics.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CAUSING OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS IN EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SURGERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽  
Volodymyr O. Shkorbotun ◽  
Yaroslav V. Shkorbotun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Ent Surgery ◽  
High Level ◽  
Major Pathogens ◽  
Nose And Throat

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens that causes of surgical site infection (SSI). Scant information is available on the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus in patients with SSI in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgery. The aim: To assess the activity of antimicrobials against S.aureus, isolated from patients with SSI by the ENT departments of Kyiv hospitals. Materials and methods: A total of 516 S. aureus isolates from of patients with SSI in ENT surgery. Antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus were determined, using automated microbiology analyzer. Some antimicrobial susceptibility test used Kirby – Bauer antibiotic testing. Interpretative criteria were those suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: The most active antibiotics found in the study were linezolid and tigecycline, showing growth inhibition of 100% strains tested. Susceptibility to the other antimicrobials was also on a high level: 98,4% of strains were found susceptible to nitrofurantoin, 98.1% – to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, 97.6% – to fusidic acid, 97.1% – to mupirocin, 95.9% – to teicoplanin, 94.7% – to vancomycin and fosfomicin, 90.6% – to moxifloxacin, 89.1% – to tobramycin, 87.3% – to gentamycin. Susceptibility to rifampicin (85.5%), cefoxitin (84.6%), levofloxacin (84.3%), erythromycin (82.6%), tetracycline (76.3%), and clindamycin (75.4%) was observed to be some lower. Resistance to oxacyllin S.aureus (MRSA) came up to 21.1%. Conclusions: S. aureus in ENT departments to be a serious therapeutic and epidemiologic problem. The constant monitoring of antimicrobials resistance in every hospital is required. Antibiotics application tactics should be determined in accordance with the local data of resistance to them.

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