scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CAUSING OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS IN EAR, NOSE AND THROAT SURGERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽  
Volodymyr O. Shkorbotun ◽  
Yaroslav V. Shkorbotun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Ent Surgery ◽  
High Level ◽  
Major Pathogens ◽  
Nose And Throat

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens that causes of surgical site infection (SSI). Scant information is available on the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus in patients with SSI in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) surgery. The aim: To assess the activity of antimicrobials against S.aureus, isolated from patients with SSI by the ENT departments of Kyiv hospitals. Materials and methods: A total of 516 S. aureus isolates from of patients with SSI in ENT surgery. Antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus were determined, using automated microbiology analyzer. Some antimicrobial susceptibility test used Kirby – Bauer antibiotic testing. Interpretative criteria were those suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: The most active antibiotics found in the study were linezolid and tigecycline, showing growth inhibition of 100% strains tested. Susceptibility to the other antimicrobials was also on a high level: 98,4% of strains were found susceptible to nitrofurantoin, 98.1% – to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, 97.6% – to fusidic acid, 97.1% – to mupirocin, 95.9% – to teicoplanin, 94.7% – to vancomycin and fosfomicin, 90.6% – to moxifloxacin, 89.1% – to tobramycin, 87.3% – to gentamycin. Susceptibility to rifampicin (85.5%), cefoxitin (84.6%), levofloxacin (84.3%), erythromycin (82.6%), tetracycline (76.3%), and clindamycin (75.4%) was observed to be some lower. Resistance to oxacyllin S.aureus (MRSA) came up to 21.1%. Conclusions: S. aureus in ENT departments to be a serious therapeutic and epidemiologic problem. The constant monitoring of antimicrobials resistance in every hospital is required. Antibiotics application tactics should be determined in accordance with the local data of resistance to them.

Antimicrobial Resistance Nosocomial Strains of Enterobacter spp. in Ukrainian surgical Hospitals: results of multicenter study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
National Level ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Hospital Record ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Medical Institutions

Objective. To determine activity of antimicrobials against Enterobacter spp. isolated from patients hospitalized to surgical departments in different Ukrainian hospitals. Materials and methods. A total of 3991 Enterobacter spp. isolated from patients with surgical site infections in 24 surgical hospitals in 17 Ukrainian regions. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacter spp. were determined, using automated microbiology analyzer. Some antimicrobial susceptibility test used Kirby - Bauer antibiotic testing. Interpretative criteria were those suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results. The most potent antimicrobials were imipenem, meropenem, cefixime and amikacinum. The high rates of resistance were found to penicillin (46,2%), ampicillin/sulbactam (42,9%), gentamicin (40,4%), ceftazidime (39,4%), ampicillin (38,2%), and cefuroxime (36,3%). Conclusions. (1) Resistance of nosocomial strains of Enterobacter spp. at in patient medical institutions, that are subject to research, is a serious therapeutic and epidemiologic issue. Imipenem, meropenem, cefixime and amikacinum have been the most active to nosocomial strains of Enterobacter spp. (2) Taking into account resent changes and resistance levels of nosocomial strains of Enterobacter spp., which take place in various regions, constant monitoring over resistance to antimicrobials at every in patient medical institution is required. Also, hospital record sheets of antibiotics should be elaborated based upon the local data received. (3) Antibiotics utilization policy in each surgical in patient institution should be determined based in accordance with the local data on resistance to antimicrobials. (4) System of epidemiologic surveillance over antimicrobial resistance should be established on the local, regional, and national level.

scholarly journals SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN KYIV CITY HOSPITALS, UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-764
Author(s):  
Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽  
Olena A. Dyndar ◽  
Yuriy P. Vdovychenko ◽  
Tetiana R. Nykoniuk ◽  
Igor V. Maidannyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Lower Segment ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Essential Step

Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Scant information is available on the SSI in Ukrainian hospitals. The aim: to determine the incidence of SSIs and estimates antimicrobial resistance of the major responsible pathogens in Kyiv city hospitals. Materials and methods: This study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2013 in 3 hospitals. Definitions of SSIs were adapted from the CDC/NHSN. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of cultures were determined, using automated microbiology analyzer. Some antimicrobial susceptibility test used Kirby - Bauer antibiotic testing. Results: Among 9,162 patients, 1,912 (20.9%) SSIs were observed. The high SSI case in appendectomy (29.8 %), gastric, small and large bowel surgeries (28.4 %), cholelithiasis (25.7%), and orthopedic procedures (22.9 %). Low infection rate in excision of dermoid cysts, lipoma (5.3%) and lower segment caesarean structure (6.5%). Staphylococcus aureus were most commonly reported, accounting for 27,8% of all organisms, followed by Escherichia coli (18.4 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.9 %) and Enterococcus faecalis (11.6 %). The antimicrobial resistance in the isolates associated with SSIs showed, among the Gram-positive bacteria, that 43.8% and 4.7% of CoNS isolates were β-lactam (oxacillin) - and glycopeptide (teicoplanin) - resistant, respectively. Meticillin resistance was reported in 35.7 % of S. aureus isolates Conclusions: SSIs and antimicrobial resistance of the responsible pathogens is an actually problem. One essential step in the prevention of SSIs is to implement a national system for their surveillance.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus from Clinical Mastitis in Sebeta Town Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Letebrhan Yimesgen W. Grima ◽  
Shubisa Abera Leliso ◽  
Abebe Olani Bulto ◽  
Debebe Ashenafi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
High Level

A cross-sectional study was carried out in and around Sebeta town dairy farms, Finfinne special zone, Ethiopia, from December 2019 to May 2020 to isolate, identify, and test antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical mastitis. A total of 116 milk samples were purposively collected from 57 lactating cows with clinical mastitis. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus were carried out by using primary and secondary biochemical tests. Besides, Biolog was used for microbial identification systems. To know if the isolates develop resistance to antibiotics, the antimicrobial susceptibility test (ATS) was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar by the disk diffusion method. From a total of 57 lactating cows and 116 teat quarters examined, 21.05% (12/57) and 15.52% (18/116) were positive for S. aureus from clinical mastitis, respectively. From a total of 116 milk samples collected, 15.52% (18/116) Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, and from 11 farms surveyed, about 72.72% (8/11) overall farm prevalence of clinical mastitis due to S. aureus was recorded. All the 18 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found susceptible to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, erythromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. However, high level of resistance was observed to common drugs such as penicillin (88.89%, 16/18) and tetracycline (61.11%, 11/18). The observed high level of resistance to penicillin and tetracycline also indicates the need to visit our treatment guidelines for mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, improved management and early treatment of the cases with drug of choice after the antimicrobial susceptibility test for each specific case can reduce chance of further development of resistance and are imperative to tackle clinical mastitis occurring at Sebeta and other similar farms in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Interpretive criteria to differentiate low- and high-level mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Elane Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Couto Marques Cardozo ◽  
Elizabeth de Andrade Marques ◽  
Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos ◽  
Marcia Giambiagi deMarval
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance ◽  
High Level

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were classified into three mupirocin susceptibility groups by the disc diffusion method using 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs. The zone diameter observed for a 5 μg disc distinguished MupS from the resistant strains (either MupRL or MupRH). On the other hand, a 200 μg disc distinguished the high-resistance MupRH strains from the other two (MupS or MupRL). Thus, the concomitant use of 5 and 200 μg mupirocin discs allowed the clear distinction among the three mupirocin susceptibility groups, MupS, MupRL or MupRH.

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Kyiv Surgical Hospital (Ukraine)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
O.M. Verner
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Vitek 2

Objective — to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from patients different departments in Kyiv Surgical Hospital. Materials and methods. Between June 2015 and December 2015, a total of 128 S. aureus isolates were collected from the pus samples of the patients with SSI in a surgical hospital in Kyiv, Ukraine. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of the cultures were determined, using automated microbiology analyzer VITEK 2 Compact (bioMerieux, France). Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined using VITEK 2 AST-P580 card (bioMerieux, France), which included 20 antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, oxacyllin, cefoxitin, gentamycin, tobramycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, vancomycin, tetracycline, tigecycline, fosfomicin, nitrofurantoin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/ sulphamethoxazole) and a cefoxitin test, designed for detection of staphylococci resistance to methicillin. Interpretative criteria were those suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results and discussion. Based on antimicrobial susceptibility analysis, the most active antibiotics found in the study were linezolid, tigecycline, and mupirocin, showing growth inhibition of 100 % strains tested. Susceptibility to the other antimicrobials was also on a high level: 99 % of strains were found susceptible to nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, 98 % — to fusidic acid, 97 % — to moxifloxacin, 96 % — to teicoplanin, 95 % — to vancomycin and fosfomicin, 93 % — to gentamycin, and 92 % — to tobramycin. Susceptibility to levofloxacin (89 %), tetracycline (88 %), rifampin (87 %), erythromycin (84 %), and clindamycin (79 %) was observed to be some lower. Research of MRSA prevalence in Kyiv Surgical Hospital (Ukraine) shown, that 11 % of staphylococci strains, isolated from patients having nosocomial infections (SSI), had multiple resistance to antibiotics. Resistance S. aureus to oxacyllin came up to 19 %. Further, 35.7 % of MRSA strains were resistant only to the group of beta-lactamic antibiotics, while the rest — also to the other classes of antibiotics. Conclusions. MRSA in surgical hospital, being a subject of the research is considered to be a serious therapeutic and epidemiologic problem. Total prevalence of MRSA in hospital was evaluated as 19 %, varying in every surgical department studied. Antibiotics revealed the most effective for treatment of MRSA infections were linezolid, mupirocin, tigecycline, vancomycine, teicoplanin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, fusidic acid, and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Taking into account the constant changes and significant differences of the S. aureus resistance levels observed in various regions, the constant monitoring of antibiotic resistance to antimicrobials in every in-patient medical institution is required and on the base of the local obtained results to elaborate the hospital record sheets. Antibiotics application tactics should be determined in accordance with the local data of resistance to them in each surgical inpatient institution. The system of epidemiologic surveillance over microbial resistance should be established on the local, regional, and national levels.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus carrying lukS/F Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) toxin genes in hospitals of Lahore city

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 720-725
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shaheen Iqbal ◽  
Yasar Saleem ◽  
Farheen Ansari ◽  
Muhammad Usman Qamar ◽  
Sania Mazhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
High Level ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: Panton Valentine-Leukocidin (PVL) toxin is secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and is mostly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). This study aims to find out the prevalence of lukS/F-PV gene, which encode PVL toxin from strains of SSTI, burn wounds and nasal colonizers of out-patients and to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates. Methodology: This is an analytical observational cross-section study and was conducted from July 2014 to June 2015 at four tertiary care hospitals and PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 376 random clinical swabs were collected from SSTI (n = 179), nasal nares (n = 134) and burn wounds (n = 63) from out-patients’ departments (OPD). The specimens were cultured on nutrient and mannitol salt agar (MSA) and the organism was identified by catalase, coagulase, and DNase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility, methicillin, inducible clindamycin, and high-level mupirocin (HLMR) resistance were determined as per CLSI guidelines. Molecular identification of mecA and lukS/F-PV genes was performed by PCR. Results: We isolated 127 S. aureus, where 41 (32.3%) were MRSA and 86 (67.7%) were MSSA. All MRSA carried mecA gene whereas lukS/F-PV gene was found in 21 MRSA and 31 MSSA strains. Overall, a high antimicrobial resistance was found against MRSA and lukS/F-PV positive MSSA. Inducible clindamycin and high-level mupirocin resistance (HLMR) was 23.6% and 19.5% respectively. Conclusions: A high rate of PVL toxin gene was detected among S. aureus strains and a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant strains was observed.

Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial strains Staphylococcus aureus isolates from surgical patients in Kyiv regional clinical hospital, ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
A.G. Salmanov ◽  
V.V. Potochilovа ◽  
K.L. Rudneva
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Epidemiologic Surveillance ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Objective — to determine antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial strains Staphylococcus aureus isolates from surgery patients. Materials and methods. The clinical strains of S. aureus (574) isolated from surgical patients from January 2015 to December 2017 in Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital of the Ukraine have been studied. Clinical isolates were allocated and identified in Central microbiological laboratory in Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of the cultures were determined, using automated microbiology analyzer VITEK 2 Compact (bioMerieux, France). Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined using AST card (bioMerieux, France). Some antimicrobial susceptibility test used K-B (Kirby – Bauer antibiotic testing). Sensitivity of S. aureus strains has been studied up to 51 antibiotics: penicillum, ampicillin, amoxicillin, azlocillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, oxacillin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, piperacillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefamandolum, cefotaximum, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, cefepim, imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramyinum, netilmicin, amikacinum, eritromicin, azithromycin, clindamycin, tetracyclin, doxycyclinum, vancomycin, teicoplaninum, ofloxacinum, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoinum, rifampicin, linezolidum, tigecycline, fosfomicin, acidum fusidicum, mupirocinum, trimethoprimum, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Interpretative criteria were those suggested by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Testing (EUCAST). Results and discussion. To S.aureus the drug sensitive rates of piperacillin/tazobactam and ertapenem were both 100 %, but most of the drug resistant rates were over 65—70 %. The highest activity to S. aureus had nitrofurantoinum, cefoxitin, linezolid, trimethoprimum, tigecycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The high rates of resistance were registered for cefpodoxime (91.7 %), ampicillin (85.0 %), ceftazidime (80.0 %), penicillin (75.0 %), cefixime (73.0 %), cefoperazone/sulbactam (71.5 %), and to azithromycin (69.5 %). The vancomycin — resistant S. aureus (VRSA) accounted for 21.1 % [95 % CI 19.4—22.8 %]. The frequency of isolation of MRSA among tested strains was 37.8 % [95 % CI 35.2—39.2 %] varying from 28.7 % to 44.8 % in different surgical departments in Kyiv Regional Clinical Hospital. Conclusions. Antibiotic resistance to S. aureus in surgical hospitals, being a subject of the research is considered to be a serious therapeutic and epidemiologic problem. Taking into account the constant changes and significant differences of the S. aureus resistance levels observed in various regions, the constant monitoring of antibiotic resistance to antimicrobials in every in-patient medical institution is required and on the base of the local obtained results to elaborate the hospital record sheets. Antibiotics application tactics should be determined in accordance with the local data of resistance to them in each surgical in-patient institution. The system of epidemiologic surveillance over microbial resistance should be established on the local, regional, and national levels.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from rabbits in Fujian, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
L. Sang ◽  
S. Sun ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus has been recognised as one of the important zoonotic pathogens. However, knowledge about the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of S. aureus in rabbits was limited. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of 281 S. aureus isolated from dead rabbits of nine rabbit farms in Fujian Province, China. All the isolates were characterised by multi-locus sequencing typing, detection of virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility test. The results showed that the 281 isolates were grouped into two sequence types, ST121 (13.52%, 38/281) and ST398 (86.48%, 243/281). Surprisingly, the ST121 strains were only recovered from the lung samples from one of the nine rabbit farms studied. In the 281 isolates, the virulence genes of nuc, hla, hlb, clfA, clfB and fnbpA were positive, whereas the sea, seb, tsst, eta and etb genes were negative. Notably, the 38 ST121 isolates carried the pvl gene. All the 281 isolates were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, and the isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, kanamycin, azithromycin and penicillin, and the resistance rates of which were 23.84%, 19.57%, 16.01% and 11.03%, respectively. This study first described the epidemiology and characteristics of S. aureus in rabbits in Fujian Province, which will help in tracking the evolution of epidemic strains and preventing the rabbit–human transmission events.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains from dairy herds in KwaZulu-Natal

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
High Level

Staphylococcus aureus is 1 of the most important causes of bovine mastitis and is responsible for significant economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. One of the principal approaches used in treating intramammary infections is the administration of antimicrobials. Due to the propensity of S. aureus to develop resistance, antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring is necessary to ensure that treatment regimens are effective. As part of this investigation, 90 S. aureus strains isolated from mastitis cases submitted to Allerton Provincial Veterinary Laboratory during 2008 and 2009 were evaluated for their susceptibility to a panel of 10 antimicrobials. Only 8 of the 90 S. aureus isolates tested (8.9 %) were found to be susceptible to all of the antimicrobials evaluated. A very high level of resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics was noted: 47.8 % of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and 65.6 % were resistant to ampicillin. Minimal resistance to oxacillin, cephalothin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.1 %) was found. Seventeen (18.9 %) of the isolates tested were found to be resistant to 3 or more antimicrobials. The need for vigilant monitoring of bacterial resistance trends in the dairy industry is warranted as the potential public health implications are significant.

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