Pregnancy complications

The chapter is concerned with recognition and the most recent guidance on the management of commonly seen pregnancy complications. These include early pregnancy bleeding, antepartum haemorrhage, hyperemesis, obstetric cholestasis, multiple pregnancy, breech presentation, intrauterine growth restriction, thromboembolic disorders, and the principles of thromboprophylaxis. Each section describes the condition and factors that may lead to its development. Signs and symptoms are described, along with contraindications and aspects of treatment. Special considerations in the antenatal management plans are included.

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Antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin Antibodies in Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Preeclampsia

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.170751 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 1263-1272 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Valentina Canti ◽

Stefania Del Rosso ◽

Marta Tonello ◽

Roberta Lucianò ◽

Ariela Hoxha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Intrauterine Fetal Death ◽

Thrombotic Risk ◽

Intrauterine Growth

Objective.Antibodies that recognize the phosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex (antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies; aPS/PT) might reveal enhanced thrombotic risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Little is known about their association with pregnancy complications in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).Methods.We enrolled 55 patients with APS who were seeking pregnancy in 2 Italian hospitals. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), including anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, lupus-like anticoagulant, and aPS/PT antibodies were assessed, and the patients were prospectively followed for 24 months.Results.There were 65% (36/55) of the APS patients who had aPS/PT antibodies. Forty-seven pregnancies were followed, including 33 of aPS/PT+ patients. Forty-one of the 47 patients (87%) who initiated a pregnancy eventually gave birth to a child. The pregnancy duration and the mean newborn weight at delivery were significantly lower in aPS/PT+ than in aPS/PT− patients (33.1 ± 4.7 vs 36.2 ± 3.4 wks of gestation, respectively, and 2058 ± 964 g vs 2784 ± 746 g, respectively, p < 0.05). Late pregnancy complications, including intrauterine fetal death, preterm delivery, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), were more frequent in aPS/PT+ patients, independent of the therapy. Titers of aPS/PT IgG were significantly inversely correlated with the neonatal weight at delivery. Vascular injury, as reflected by thrombosis, fibrinoid necrosis, ischemic and hemorrhagic areas, and presence of chorangiomas characterized the IUGR placentas in the presence of aPS/PT.Conclusion.The aPS/PT antibodies might represent markers of aPL-related pregnancy complications, IUGR/preeclampsia in particular, and could help identify beforehand patients who may require additional treatment.

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Circulating Angiogenic Factors in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Preeclampsia, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Spontaneous Preterm Birth, and Stillbirth

Yearbook of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1016/s8756-5005(08)79006-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 21-22

Author(s):

R.J. Wong

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Angiogenic Factors ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Risk Of Preeclampsia

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Retrospective analysis of breech deliveries in tertiary care center

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204808 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 4549

Author(s):

Suneela Mullakkal Sankaran ◽

Jayasree Sukumara Sukumara Pillai

Keyword(s):

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Caesarean Delivery ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Breech Presentation ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Uterine Anomalies

Background: Breech presentation is the commonest malpresentation accounting for 3-4% of all deliveries at term. The most common cause for breech presentation is preterm delivery. The safest route of delivery for breech had long been a topic of debate and after the results of term breech trial mode of delivery has become abdominal route even in teaching institutions.Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study conducted at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Government medical college, Kozhikode, for a period of 2 years from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2017. Mothers with gestational age between 28 weeks to 41 weeks with singleton live fetus with breech presentation who had either vaginal or caesarean delivery were included. The case notes were retrieved from the medical records department.Results: A total of 823 breech deliveries occurred during the study period. Of the total mothers 429 were primies and 394 were multies. Common causes identified were prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, uterine and fetal anomalies. Mode of delivery was caesarean in more than 80% of cases.Conclusions: Incidence of breech presentation was 3.2% during the study period. Increasing incidence of caesarean delivery is seen in breech presentation. Persistent breech presentation at term is most commonly seen in patients with associated oligamnios, intrauterine growth restriction, and uterine anomalies.

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Selenium is a functional component of the female reproductive system. Its role in pregnancy complications

Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health ◽

10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-4-328-332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 328-332

Author(s):

G.K. Sadykova ◽

◽

A.A. Olina ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Reproductive System ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Premature Birth ◽

Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Placental Insufficiency ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Female Reproductive System ◽

Functional Component ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

In Pregnancy

This paper reviews studies on selenium (Se) in human reproduction. Low Se intake is associated with the development of gestational hypertension, miscarriage, premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and thyroid gland dysfunction. Therefore, studies on the association between Se deficiency and impaired folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and infertility in women are of great interest. Unfortunately, these studies are scarce, and further studies are needed. A significant antioxidant activity of Se-containing enzymes allows for minimizing risks of obstetrical complications associated with placental insufficiency. Therefore, selenium is vital for realizing female reproductive function. However, even given potential risks of insufficient Se-containing product intake, the authors find it unacceptable to recommend Se dotation in the population since toxic effects of Se excess are yet to be fully explored. Further studies on Se biological effects will extend the scope of its use in obstetrics and gynecology in terms of a preventive approach. KEYWORDS: selenium, placental insufficiency, folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, antioxidant, miscarriage, premature birth, intrauterine growth restriction. FOR CITATION: Sadykova G.K., Olina A.A. Selenium is a functional component of the female reproductive system. Its role in pregnancy complications. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(4):328–332 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-4- 328-332.

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