The larynx

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-292
Author(s):  
Daniel R. van Gijn ◽  
Jonathan Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cancer Spread ◽  
Trachea And Bronchi ◽  
Base Of The Tongue

The larynx, trachea and bronchi develop embryologically from the foregut in the form of an outpouching during the fourth week of gestation. The larynx bridges the gap from the base of the tongue above, to the trachea below lying within the hypopharynx. It sits in the neck spanning the distance from the third to sixth cervical vertebrae. It is a complex respiratory organ composed of a cartilage framework, ligaments, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles and is lined by an epithelial mucous membrane continuous above with the pharynx and below with the trachea. Its primary function is protection of the lower respiratory tract against aspiration. It allows the generation of a high intrathoracic pressure required for coughing, straining and lifting (Valsalva manoeuvre) and phonation. The anatomy of the larynx can either be considered by its surgical division of the supraglottis, glottis and subglottis (these landmarks are important in the consideration of cancer spread).

Local iatrogenic complications in nasopharyngeal rhinoscleroma

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1115-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Dawlatly ◽  
J. T. Anim ◽  
M. E. Baraka
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Local Spread ◽  
Iatrogenic Complications ◽  
Surgical Manipulation

AbstractThe possible role of surgical manipulation in inducing local spread and cicatricial complications in rhinoscleroma is illustrated by the three cases discussed in this paper. This is especially so where is occasional presentation as polypoid lesions of the lower respiratory tract may mimic other more sinister lesions and lead to unwarranted invasive procedures by the unsuspecting clinician. The infective nature of the lesions must be appreciated and confirmed microbiologically for appropriate drug treatment to be used. The benefits of minimal surgical intervention are illustrated in the third case.

Child Day Care, Smoking by Caregivers, and Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in the First 3 Years of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-892
Author(s):  
Catharine J. Holberg ◽  
Anne L. Wright ◽  
Fernando D. Martinez ◽  
Wayne J. Morgan ◽  
Lynn M. Taussig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Child Day Care

Background. Day-care attendance has been associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract illnesses (LRIs). This study examines, in a health maintenance organization population of children, the associations between child day care and the occurrence of LRIs in the first 3 years of life. Smoking by caregivers and a possible protective effect of longer day-care enrollment in relation to LRIs are also addressed. Methods. Information on day-care arrangements was elicited from 1006 parents of infants for five age intervals in the first 3 years of life: birth through 3 months, 4 to 6 months, 6 to 12 months, 1 to 2 years, and 2 to 3 years. Data on LRIs in the first 3 years of life were recorded by pediatricians at the time of the acute illnesses. Results. After controlling for other risk factors, the presence of three or more unrelated children in the care setting was associated with significant risks of LRI of up to twofold or more from 4 months of age to 3 years. Type of care setting was not a significant risk factor during this time period. In the third year of life, the risk of wheezing LRI in the presence of a smoking caregiver was more than threefold for those in another residential home setting. No significant protective effect against LRIs in the third year of life associated with longer prior day-care enrollment was demonstrated. Conclusion. The presence of three or more unrelated children in the care setting and the presence of a smoking caregiver were significant independent risk factors for LRIs during the first 3 years of life. Prolonged day-care did not protect against LRIs in the third year of life.

scholarly journals TRACHEOBRONCHOMEGALIE OU SYNDROME DE MOUNIER-KUHN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 952-954
Author(s):  
Ayman El Farouki ◽  
◽  
Habib Bellamlih ◽  
Hounayda Jerguigue ◽  
Rachida Latib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumothorax ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Large Airways

Mounier-kuhn Syndrome or The Tracheobronchomegaly is a rare condition characterized by marked dilatation of the trachea and the main bronchi. It is more common in males and diagnosed in the third and the fourth decades of life. Symptoms in MKS are nonspecific. Usually the patient present recurrent lower respiratory tract infection, chronic cough, and rarely with spontaneous pneumothorax. Patients are often diagnosed on CT scan, which shows large airways with sometimes the formation of diverticula in the major airways. We report the case of a patient who presented with aMounier-Kuhn Syndrome revealed by respiratory recurrent symptoms.

scholarly journals Differences in the anatomy of the lower respiratory tract in selected species of the order Testudines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Habova ◽  
M Pyszko ◽  
O Horak ◽  
E Cermakova ◽  
V Paral
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Trachea And Bronchi

The lower airways of turtles consist of the larynx, trachea and bronchi. Due to incomplete information about the anatomical structure of the lower respiratory tract in turtles, we decided to explore this topic more deeply. The material for this study included 95 turtle cadavers. Terrestrial tortoises were represented by 63 individuals from 8 species, aquatic and semi-aquatic turtles by 32 individuals from 11 species. The sex ratio was 54 females to 41 males. In addition to the anatomical autopsies and assessments of the macroscopic structures, numerous measurements were performed. The length, width and height of the larynx and trachea, and the length of the bronchi were measured. We found clinical significance in two parameters. The first one is the formation of the rima glottidis, which is significantly shorter and narrower in the aquatic turtles than in the terrestrial tortoises. It follows that for these species, we should use a smaller diameter of endotracheal cannula for intubation. The second parameter is a very short trachea in tortoises of the genus Testudo. The length of the trachea is only a few centimetres, which significantly increases the risk of intubation into one bronchus only.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document