Sleep-related breathing disorders: classification and diagnosis
Sleep-related breathing disorders encapsulate multiple respiratory abnormalities which occur during sleep. The most common disorders within this category are obstructive sleep apnoea, central sleep apnoea, and sleep-related hypoventilation. This chapter defines each of these conditions as a separate entity; however, in clinical practice there is overlap between the disorders and patients may have combinations of disease. Untreated sleep-related breathing disorders serve as risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, and these diseases are commonly co-morbid in cardiac patients. Identification and treatment in the cardiac patient population is extremely important; yet many patients remain undiagnosed. This chapter discusses clinical screening tools as well as definitive diagnostic studies for these respiratory disorders. The definitions in this chapter will pertain only to adult patients.