HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1190-1193
Author(s):  
Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Availability

Cardiovascular disease is common in persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-associated cardiovascular disease may involve every segment of the cardiovascular tree. Recent reports suggest that the incidence of HIV-associated heart failure is on the increase. The phenotype of HIV-associated heart failure is evolving, with predominance of diastolic dysfunction, rather than systolic dysfunction and myocarditis. Widespread availability and utility of antiretroviral therapy has significantly altered the natural history of HIV infection, and improved survival and quality of life of persons with HIV infection. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis are reviewed in this chapter.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Quality of Life

1997 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Holmes ◽  
Barbara Bix ◽  
Mary Meritz ◽  
John Turner ◽  
Carol Hutelmyer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Osteoporosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients – An Emerging Clinical Concern

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Maffezzoni ◽  
Teresa Porcelli ◽  
Ioannis Karamouzis ◽  
Eugenia Quiros-Roldan ◽  
Francesco Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Skeletal Fragility ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients transforming the HIV infection from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic disease. As the number of older HIV-infected individuals increases, several ageing-related co-morbidities including osteopenia/osteoporosis and fractures have emerged. Patients exposed to HIV infection and its treatment may develop fragility fractures with potential significant impact on quality of life and survival. However, the awareness of HIV-related skeletal fragility is still relatively low and most HIV-infected patients are not investigated for osteoporosis and treated with anti-osteoporotic drugs in daily clinical practice. This article reviews the literature data on osteoporosis and osteopenia in HIV infection, focusing on the pathophysiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of fragility fractures.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients – An Emerging Clinical Concern

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Maffezzoni ◽  
Teresa Porcelli ◽  
Ioannis Karamouzis ◽  
Eugenia Quiros-Roldan ◽  
Francesco Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Skeletal Fragility ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

The advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infected patients transforming the HIV infection from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic disease. As the number of older HIV-infected individuals increases, several aging-related co-morbidities including osteopenia/osteoporosis and fractures have emerged. Patients exposed to HIV infection and its treatment may develop fragility fractures with potential significant impact on quality of life and survival. However, the awareness of HIV-related skeletal fragility is still relatively low and most HIV-infected patients are not investigated for osteoporosis and treated with anti-osteoporotic drugs in daily clinical practice. This article reviews the literature data on osteoporosis and osteopenia in HIV infection, focusing on the pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of fragility fractures.

Decreased Thymus Size on Chest Radiography: A Sign of Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
ALAN MEYERS ◽  
NICHOLAS PEPE ◽  
WILLIAM CRANLEY ◽  
KATHLEEN MCCARTEN
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Generalized Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Thymus Size

The early diagnosis of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in infancy is clinically important but remains problematic in the asymptomatic child born to an HIV-infected mother. In addition, many such women are unaware of their HIV infection until their child manifests symptomatic HIV disease. Nonspecific signs of pediatric HIV infection, such as generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, or persistent thrush, may be important in alerting the clinician to consider the possibility of HIV infection in the child whose history of HIV risk is unknown. We report one such sign which may be evident on plain chest radiography. The pathology of the thymus gland in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has been described by Joshi and colleagues,1-3 who have reported precocious involution with marked reduction in thymus size and weight.

scholarly journals Association of Diabetes With Atrial Fibrillation Phenotype and Cardiac and Neurological Comorbidities: Insights From the Swiss‐AF Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjola Bano ◽  
Nicolas Rodondi ◽  
Jürg H. Beer ◽  
Giorgio Moschovitis ◽  
Richard Kobza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background Diabetes is a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it remains unclear whether individual AF phenotype and related comorbidities differ between patients who have AF with and without diabetes. This study investigated the association of diabetes with AF phenotype and cardiac and neurological comorbidities in patients with documented AF. Methods and Results Participants in the multicenter Swiss‐AF (Swiss Atrial Fibrillation) study with data on diabetes and AF phenotype were eligible. Primary outcomes were parameters of AF phenotype, including AF type, AF symptoms, and quality of life (assessed by the European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions Questionnaire [EQ‐5D]). Secondary outcomes were cardiac (ie, history of hypertension, myocardial infarction, and heart failure) and neurological (ie, history of stroke and cognitive impairment) comorbidities. The cross‐sectional association of diabetes with these outcomes was assessed using logistic and linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors. We included 2411 patients with AF (27.4% women; median age, 73.6 years). Diabetes was not associated with nonparoxysmal AF (odds ratio [OR], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.81–1.27). Patients with diabetes less often perceived AF symptoms (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.92) but had worse quality of life (β=−4.54; 95% CI, −6.40 to −2.68) than those without diabetes. Patients with diabetes were more likely to have cardiac (hypertension [OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 2.19–4.22], myocardial infarction [OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.18–2.03], heart failure [OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.57–2.51]) and neurological (stroke [OR, 1.39, 95% CI, 1.03–1.87], cognitive impairment [OR, 1.75, 95% CI, 1.39–2.21]) comorbidities. Conclusions Patients who have AF with diabetes less often perceive AF symptoms but have worse quality of life and more cardiac and neurological comorbidities than those without diabetes. This raises the question of whether patients with diabetes should be systematically screened for silent AF. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT02105844.

scholarly journals Myocardial Steatosis Among Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Participating in the REPRIEVE Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S63-S69
Author(s):  
Tomas G Neilan ◽  
Kim-Lien Nguyen ◽  
Vlad G Zaha ◽  
Kara W Chew ◽  
Leavitt Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Myocardial Steatosis

Abstract Background People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) face increased risks for heart failure and adverse heart failure outcomes. Myocardial steatosis predisposes to diastolic dysfunction, a heart failure precursor. We aimed to characterize myocardial steatosis and associated potential risk factors among a subset of the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) participants. Methods Eighty-two PWH without known heart failure successfully underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy, yielding data on intramyocardial triglyceride (IMTG) content (a continuous marker for myocardial steatosis extent). Logistic regression models were applied to investigate associations between select clinical characteristics and odds of increased or markedly increased IMTG content. Results Median (Q1, Q3) IMTG content was 0.59% (0.28%, 1.15%). IMTG content was increased (> 0.5%) among 52% and markedly increased (> 1.5%) among 22% of participants. Parameters associated with increased IMTG content included age (P = .013), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (P = .055), history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) (P = .033), and nadir CD4 count < 350 cells/mm³ (P = .055). Age and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were additionally associated with increased odds of markedly increased IMTG content (P = .049 and P = .046, respectively). Conclusions A substantial proportion of antiretroviral therapy–treated PWH exhibited myocardial steatosis. Age, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, low nadir CD4 count, and history of IVDU emerged as possible risk factors for myocardial steatosis in this group. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02344290; NCT03238755.

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