Sexually transmitted infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Noah Kojima ◽  
J.D. Klausner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
And Control

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) refer to a broad array of pathogens that are transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. While STI case rates are highest in adolescents and young adults, the most serious health outcomes occur later in life and are disproportionately borne by women and infants. For these reasons, STI prevention and control is an important public health investment for every country. This chapter summarizes the global epidemiology of STIs and their associated health consequences, and reports on factors affecting STI spread in the community. It also discusses STI prevention and control as a public health intervention, relying on many interrelated interventions working together to reduce STI incidence and prevalence in the community. Finally, it considers some of the most likely challenges and opportunities in STI prevention anticipated over the next few decades.

scholarly journals The role of sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention and control programs in reducing gender, sexual and STI-related stigma

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 100764
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Garcia ◽  
Angelica Espinosa Miranda ◽  
Somesh Gupta ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland ◽  
María Eugenia Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Major Sexually Transmitted Infections in China, 1999-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chunxia ◽  
Ai Zisheng
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are mainly transmitted by sexual contact or similar sexual contact, which can cause diseases of genitourinary organs ,accessory lymphatic system and major organs of the whole body. STIs include clinically symptomatic diseases and asymptomatic infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that More than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired every day worldwide.By analyzing the temporal trend of the sexually transmitted infections incidence in China in the past 20 years, we can provide a scientific basis for the further development of prevention and control measures related to sexually transmitted infections. Methods Joinpoint regression model is used to fit the incidence data of three sexually transmitted diseases in China from 1999 to 2018. Annual percentage change (APC) and Average annual percentage Change (AAPC) are calculated to evaluate the temporal trend changes of the incidence of three major sexually transmitted diseases. Results The overall incidence of AIDS/HIV has been on the rise for 20 years, rising by an average of 33.7% per year (P < 0.05). The most obvious increase is in 2002–2005, an average annual increase of 102.5%. The overall incidence of gonorrhea is on a downward trend, decreasing by 4.9% per year on average (P < 0.05).However, its incidence shows a slow rising trend from 2012 to 2018, with an average annual increase of 6.0%. The overall incidence of syphilis is also on the rise, increasing by an average of 9.1% per year (P < 0.05). Except 1999–2003, the incidence of syphilis shows a downward trend, and the other time stages shows a significant upward trend. Conclusions In the past 20 years, the corresponding measures have been taken in China for sexually transmitted infections and achieved remarkable results, but the three major sexually transmitted infections are still in the forefront of the reported notifiable infectious diseases incidence in China. At the same time, all sexually transmitted infections are beginning to shift from high-risk population to the general population, especially adolescents and the floating population.Therefore, China should still pay more attention to the prevention and control of STIs to hold back their further spread or epidemic.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Major Sexually Transmitted Infections in China , 1999-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Chunxia ◽  
Ai Zisheng
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Morbidity Data ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background：The aim of our study was to analyze the trend changes and region distribution changes of three sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China and provided a scientific basis for the government to make prevention and control measures.Methods：This study used Joinpoint regression model to fit the morbidity data of three STIs in China from 1999 to 2018. Annual percentage change (APC) and Average annual percentage Change (AAPC) were calculated to evaluate the trend changes of three STIs. We also used hierarchical clustering analysis to analyze the region distribution of three STIs in China from 2003-2018.Results ：We analyzed the morbidity data of three STIs in 1999-2018 derived from China Health Statistics Yearbook. The final model of AIDS was the 3 Joinpoint model (P = 0.01) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of 33.7 (95% CI: 26.1-41.8, P < 0.001). The final model of gonorrhea was the 1 Joinpoint model (P= 0.0025) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of -4.9 (95% CI: -6.2- -3.6, P < 0.001). The final model of gonorrhea was the 1 Joinpoint model (P < 0.05) with an annual average percent change (AAPC) of 9.1 (95% CI:6.9-11.4, P < 0.001). The region distribution of the morbidity of three STIs mainly concentrated in the southeast coastal areas and Xinjiang, other areas showed low epidemic levels.Conclusions: In a word, the morbidity of three STIs in China is still increasing slowly, the form of prevention and control for STIs is still very severe, especially in coastal provinces and Xinjiang. Therefore, it is necessary to actively popularize knowledge related to STIDs, and carry out large-scale peer education, further reduce epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in China.

scholarly journals Self-reported sexually transmitted infections and healthcare in Slovenia: Findings from the second national survey of sexual lifestyles, attitudes and health, 2016-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Irena Klavs ◽  
Lina Berlot ◽  
Maja Milavec ◽  
Tanja Kustec ◽  
Marta Grgič-Vitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
National Burden ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vaginal Thrush

Abstract Introduction Objectives were to estimate the lifetime prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and describe STIs healthcare. Methods Data was collected in the period 2016-2017 from a probability sample of the general population, 18-49 years old, at respondents’ homes by a combination of face-to-face interviews and self-administration of more sensitive questions. Statistical methods for complex survey data were used to account for stratification, clustered sampling, and weighting. Results Approximately every tenth sexually experienced individual reported to have had genitourinary symptoms suggestive of STIs, but only a minority of them reported to have had those respective STIs diagnosed. The proportion of sexually experienced individuals that reported to have ever been diagnosed with an STI (excluding trichomoniasis, pubic lice for men and women, and pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginal thrush, bacterial vaginosis for women) was 2.4% for men and 6.7% for women (p<0.001). Independent risk factors associated with self-reported STIs in women included at least 10 lifetime sexual partners and having been forced into sex. The majority of the last STI episodes in women were treated by gynaecologists accessible at the primary healthcare level and in men by a dermatovenerologist, after referral by a general practitioner. Approximately half of STI patients were counselled for safer sex and majority reported to have notified their sexual contacts. Conclusions Our estimates for lifetime prevalence of self-reported STIs in a probability sample of Slovenian sexually experienced men and women, 18-49 years old, indicate a substantial national burden of STIs. The results will inform national STI prevention and control policies and strategies.

scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Infections Among California Youth

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jerman ◽  
Norman A. Constantine ◽  
Carmen R. Nevarez
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and the direct medical cost of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young persons in California and each of its 58 counties, and to better inform discussions about statewide policies and local resources needed for STI prevention and control efforts. Methods: On the basis of the methods developed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention we estimated the statewide number of new cases of eight major STIs among young persons aged 15 to 24 years in California in 2005: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B, trichomoniasis, and HIV. We also calculated the direct medical cost of these STIs using national cost-per-case estimates. To inform local policy discussions about STI control efforts, the statewide estimates were allocated by county. Results: An estimated 1.1 million new cases of STIs occurred among young persons in California in 2005, with a direct medical cost of $1.1 billion. The estimated number of new cases within counties ranged from a low of 82 in Alpine and Sierra counties, at a cost of $38,000, to a high of about 360,000 in Los Angeles County, at a cost of $390 million. Conclusions: These estimates illustrate the widespread and frequently underreported incidence and costs of youth STIs in California and its counties, and provide the foundation for a comprehensive assessment of youth STI prevention needs.

scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Infections in Travelers: Implications for Prevention and Control

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. M. Abdullah ◽  
S. H. Ebrahim ◽  
R. Fielding ◽  
D. E. Morisky
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
And Control
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document