scholarly journals Sexually Transmitted Infections Among California Youth

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Jerman ◽  
Norman A. Constantine ◽  
Carmen R. Nevarez
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and the direct medical cost of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young persons in California and each of its 58 counties, and to better inform discussions about statewide policies and local resources needed for STI prevention and control efforts. Methods: On the basis of the methods developed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention we estimated the statewide number of new cases of eight major STIs among young persons aged 15 to 24 years in California in 2005: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B, trichomoniasis, and HIV. We also calculated the direct medical cost of these STIs using national cost-per-case estimates. To inform local policy discussions about STI control efforts, the statewide estimates were allocated by county. Results: An estimated 1.1 million new cases of STIs occurred among young persons in California in 2005, with a direct medical cost of $1.1 billion. The estimated number of new cases within counties ranged from a low of 82 in Alpine and Sierra counties, at a cost of $38,000, to a high of about 360,000 in Los Angeles County, at a cost of $390 million. Conclusions: These estimates illustrate the widespread and frequently underreported incidence and costs of youth STIs in California and its counties, and provide the foundation for a comprehensive assessment of youth STI prevention needs.

scholarly journals Self-reported sexually transmitted infections and healthcare in Slovenia: Findings from the second national survey of sexual lifestyles, attitudes and health, 2016-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Irena Klavs ◽  
Lina Berlot ◽  
Maja Milavec ◽  
Tanja Kustec ◽  
Marta Grgič-Vitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
National Burden ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vaginal Thrush

Abstract Introduction Objectives were to estimate the lifetime prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and describe STIs healthcare. Methods Data was collected in the period 2016-2017 from a probability sample of the general population, 18-49 years old, at respondents’ homes by a combination of face-to-face interviews and self-administration of more sensitive questions. Statistical methods for complex survey data were used to account for stratification, clustered sampling, and weighting. Results Approximately every tenth sexually experienced individual reported to have had genitourinary symptoms suggestive of STIs, but only a minority of them reported to have had those respective STIs diagnosed. The proportion of sexually experienced individuals that reported to have ever been diagnosed with an STI (excluding trichomoniasis, pubic lice for men and women, and pelvic inflammatory disease, vaginal thrush, bacterial vaginosis for women) was 2.4% for men and 6.7% for women (p<0.001). Independent risk factors associated with self-reported STIs in women included at least 10 lifetime sexual partners and having been forced into sex. The majority of the last STI episodes in women were treated by gynaecologists accessible at the primary healthcare level and in men by a dermatovenerologist, after referral by a general practitioner. Approximately half of STI patients were counselled for safer sex and majority reported to have notified their sexual contacts. Conclusions Our estimates for lifetime prevalence of self-reported STIs in a probability sample of Slovenian sexually experienced men and women, 18-49 years old, indicate a substantial national burden of STIs. The results will inform national STI prevention and control policies and strategies.

scholarly journals Declining trends in the proportion of non-viral sexually transmissible infections reported by STD clinics in the US, 2000–10

Sexual Health ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Owusu-Edusei ◽  
Bianca J. Sayegh ◽  
Alesia J. Harvey ◽  
Robert J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

Background Recent budget shortfalls may have resulted in decreases in the number of sexually transmissible infections (STIs) reported from sexually transmitted disease clinics (STDCs) in the United States (US). The objective of this study was to examine the proportion of cases reported from STDCs for three non-viral STIs in the last decade. Methods: Data from the national surveillance database on primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia cases for 2000–10 were extracted. The percentage of cases reported by STDCs for the nation and for each of the 48 contiguous states were then computed. Finally, the χ2 trend test for proportions was used to determine the annual average decrease/increase in the percentage of cases reported by STDCs for the nation and for each state. Results: Results demonstrate that the average annual declines in the proportion of P&S syphilis, gonorrhoea, and chlamydia cases reported from STDCs were 1.43% (P < 0.01), 1.31% (P < 0.01), and 0.31% (P < 0.01), respectively. Additionally, most of the states with statistically significant trends (P < 0.05) in the proportion of cases reported by STDCs had negative slopes: 86% (25/29) for P&S syphilis, 89% (34/38) for gonorrhoea, and 63% (27/43) for chlamydia. Conclusion: These results document the declining role of STDCs in STI prevention and control efforts in the US. Further studies are needed to assess the direct or indirect impact of the decline in the proportion of cases from STDCs on the overall STI control and prevention efforts in the US and its implications for the future.

The Estimated Direct Medical Cost of Selected Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States, 2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Owusu-Edusei ◽  
Harrell W. Chesson ◽  
Thomas L. Gift ◽  
Guoyu Tao ◽  
Reena Mahajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Sexually transmitted infections

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Noah Kojima ◽  
J.D. Klausner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
And Control

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) refer to a broad array of pathogens that are transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. While STI case rates are highest in adolescents and young adults, the most serious health outcomes occur later in life and are disproportionately borne by women and infants. For these reasons, STI prevention and control is an important public health investment for every country. This chapter summarizes the global epidemiology of STIs and their associated health consequences, and reports on factors affecting STI spread in the community. It also discusses STI prevention and control as a public health intervention, relying on many interrelated interventions working together to reduce STI incidence and prevalence in the community. Finally, it considers some of the most likely challenges and opportunities in STI prevention anticipated over the next few decades.

scholarly journals Europe-wide surveillance for sexually transmitted infections: a timely and appropriate intervention

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Fenton ◽  
J Giesecke ◽  
F F Hamers
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Partner Notification ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Control

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, pose a significant threat to the health and wellbeing of Europeans and require concerted and sustained intervention. Over the past decade, the number of reported cases of STIs, including antimicrobial resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has increased appreciably (1), and outbreaks of syphilis have recently been reported in many Member states of the European Union (EU) (2, 3). Young people, homosexual men, and those with poor access to health care (including preventive and educational services) seem to be particularly affected, with increased travel and migration, high risk sexual behaviours, and a deterioration of public health responses to STI control (for example, partner notification) being key driving factors. Many of these demographic and behavioural trends are similar across EU states, as is the desire to develop and implement effective STI prevention and control programmes.

scholarly journals The role of sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention and control programs in reducing gender, sexual and STI-related stigma

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 100764
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Garcia ◽  
Angelica Espinosa Miranda ◽  
Somesh Gupta ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland ◽  
María Eugenia Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
And Control
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