Acne and acneiform rashes

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-278
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Autoinflammatory Syndromes ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Separate Section ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Acne Scarring ◽  
Separate Step

This chapter covers all aspects of acne, including clinical features (sites of involvement and lesion and scar subtypes), causes/pathogenesis and modifying factors (hormonal, stress, drugs, topical products, diet, and sun). Associated hormonal conditions are listed and autoinflammatory syndromes highlighted (SAPHO, PAPA, PASH, and PAPASH). The management section covers investigations and general recommendations, then subdivides specific treatments into separate step-wise treatment for comedonal acne, mild to moderate papular/pustular acne, moderate to severe acne unresponsive to standard treatments, and management of severe acne—and also touches on acne in pigmented skins and management of acne scarring. A separate section covers the differential diagnosis of acneiform rashes and rarer presentations of acne (neonatal, infantile, excoriée, naevus comedonicus, pomade, cosmetic, conglobata and fulminans, pyoderma facial and nuchal acne).

Reconsidering NMIHBA Core Features: Macrocephaly Is Not a So Unusual Sign in PRUNE1-Related Encephalopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Battini ◽  
Enrico Bertini ◽  
Roberta Milone ◽  
Chiara Aiello ◽  
Rosa Pasquariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Recurrent Mutation ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Alexander Disease ◽  
Brain Anomalies ◽  
Progressive Encephalopathy ◽  
Core Features

Abstract PRUNE1-related disorders manifest as severe neurodevelopmental conditions associated with neurodegeneration, implying a differential diagnosis at birth with static encephalopathies, and later with those manifesting progressive brain damage with the involvement of both the central and the peripheral nervous system.Here we report on another patient with PRUNE1 (p.Asp106Asn) recurrent mutation, whose leukodystrophy, inferior olives hyperintensity, and macrocephaly led to the misleading clinical suspicion of Alexander disease. Clinical features, together with other recent descriptions, suggest avoiding the term “microcephaly” in defining this disorder that could be renamed “neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive encephalopathy, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies” (NPEHBA).

scholarly journals Modifiable and non-modifiable epidemiological risk factors for acne, acne severity and acne scarring among Malaysian Chinese: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee-How Say ◽  
Anna Hwee Sing Heng ◽  
Kavita Reginald ◽  
Yi Ru Wong ◽  
Keng Foo Teh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Familial History ◽  
Severe Acne ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Acne Scarring ◽  
Malaysian Chinese

Abstract Background Acne vulgaris, a highly prevalent multifactorial inflammatory skin disease, can be categorised into different severity and scarring grades based on the type, number, and severity of lesions. While many epidemiology studies have investigated the risk factors for acne presentation, fewer studies have specifically studied the risk factors for acne severity and scarring. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of acne, acne severity and scarring grades, and their associated non-modifiable and modifiable epidemiological risk factors among Malaysian Chinese. Methods A total of 1840 subjects (1117 cases/723 controls) completed an investigator-administered questionnaire as part of a cross-sectional study, which include socio-demographics, familial history, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, and acne history. Acne cases were further evaluated for their severity (n = 1051) and scarring (n = 1052) grades by a trained personnel. Results Majority of the acne cases (up to 69%) had mild acne or Grade 1/2 scarring, while 21.6% had moderate/severe acne and 5.5% had Grade 3/4 scarring. Males had significantly higher risk of presenting with higher grades of acne scarring. Those who had acne, regardless of severity and scarring grades, had strong positive familial history (either in parents and/or sibling). Frequent consumption (most or all days) of foods that are commonly consumed during breakfast (butter, probiotic drinks, cereals and milk) decreased the risk for acne presentation and higher acne scarring, while periodic consumption (once/twice per week) of nuts and burgers/fast food decreased the risk for higher acne severity. Alcohol drinking was significantly associated with increased risk for acne presentation, while paternal, parental and household smoking were associated with reduced risk of more severe acne. Conclusions In conclusion, positive familial history is a strong predisposing factor in influencing acne presentation, severity and scarring. Frequent consumption of foods that are commonly consumed during breakfast is protective against acne presentation.

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Neuralgias of the Trigeminal Nerve

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan S Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atypical Facial Pain ◽  
Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

Practitioners are often presented with patients who complain bitterly of facial pain. The trigeminal nerve is involved in four conditions that are sometimes mixed up. The four conditions - trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal neuropathic pain, postherpetic neuralgia and atypical facial pain - are discussed under the headings of clinical features, differential diagnosis, cause and treatment. This article should help practitioners to differentiate one from the other and to manage their care.

scholarly journals Tufted angioma in ear auricle: importance of the differential diagnosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (6 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Andréa Avelar Pires ◽  
Brena Andrade de Sousa ◽  
Gabriela Athayde Amin ◽  
Maraya de Jesus Semblano Bittencourt ◽  
Mario Fernando Ribeiro de Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Vascular Proliferation ◽  
Tufted Angioma ◽  
Ear Auricle ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Tufted angioma is an acquired vascular proliferation with specific histological characteristics. The most common clinical features are erythematous macules. It occurs predominantly in children and young adults, especially in the chest and neck. We report the case of a male patient, 12 years old, with an increased right ear auricle associated with erythematous macules and increased local temperature, referred with a diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy; however, this diagnosis was questioned. Histopathology was consistent with tufted angioma.

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