Therapeutics

2020 ◽  
pp. 595-621
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Agency ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaws ◽  
Medicines Information ◽  
Local Contact

This chapter contains a brief guide to the clinical use of some of the more commonly used and useful drugs in hospital and general dental practice. Doses are for healthy adults. There is also information on prescribing guidelines and adverse reactions which may be encountered. The chapter includes local contact details for the Medicines Information Service as well as details on how to report adverse reactions to drugs to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Contraindications of common drugs are outlined and updated information on oral anticoagulants and antiplatelets is included, as well as details on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws.

Clinical use of direct oral anticoagulants in modern practice. Efficiency and safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Elvina Ramisovna Kadyseva ◽  
Albina Zaynutdinovna Nigmedzyanova ◽  
Lyudmila Yurievna Kulagina ◽  
Maksim Leonidovich Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Rational Pharmacotherapy ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Practice Efficiency

The article considers clinical and pharmacological approaches to rational pharmacotherapy with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). The main issues of the mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, and interaction of these medicines, as well as adverse reactions and, consequently, risks associated with taking DOAC, and the principles of selecting direct oral anticoagulants are discussed. The materials are presented on the basis of modern data from domestic and foreign literature.

Contemporary Clinical Use of Aspirin: Mechanisms of Action, Current Concepts, Unresolved Questions, and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Christiansen ◽  
Erik Lerkevang Grove ◽  
Anne-Mette Hvas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Action Current ◽  
Potential Clinical Benefit ◽  
Treatment Indications ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

AbstractThe ability of aspirin to inhibit platelet aggregation has positioned this agent within the most frequently used drugs worldwide. The aim of this article is to review the contemporary clinical use of aspirin and also to discuss unresolved issues not yet translated into clinical practice. Results from several clinical trials have led to strong guideline recommendations for aspirin use in the acute management and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. On the contrary, guidelines regarding aspirin use as primary prevention of cardiovascular disease are almost conservative, supported by recent trials reporting that the bleeding risk outweighs the potential benefits in most patients. In pregnancy, aspirin has proved efficient in preventing preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age births in women at high risk, and is hence widely recommended in clinical guidelines. Despite the vast amount of clinical data on aspirin, several unresolved questions remain. Randomized trials have reported that aspirin reduces the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism, but the clinical relevance remains limited, because direct oral anticoagulants are more effective. Laboratory studies suggest that a twice-daily dosing regimen or evening intake may lead to more efficient platelet inhibition, and the potential clinical benefit of such strategies is currently being explored in ongoing clinical trials. Enteric-coated formulations of aspirin are frequently used, but it remains unclear if they are safer and as efficient as plain aspirin. In the future, aspirin use after percutaneous coronary interventions might not be mandatory in patients who also need anticoagulant therapy, as several trials support shorter aspirin duration strategies. On the other hand, new treatment indications for aspirin will likely arise, as there is growing evidence that aspirin may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer and other types of cancer.

A survey of UK dental health professionals using a medicines information service: what questions do they ask and do they get useful answers?

BDJ ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. McEntee ◽  
S. L. Henderson ◽  
P. M. Rutter ◽  
J. Rutter ◽  
H. J. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Medicines Information

scholarly journals Dental Procedures in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and New Oral Anticoagulants

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pepie Tsolka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
New Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Dental Procedures

This review discusses the basic pharmacology of new oral anticoagulants that are used for prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. It presents available evidence, and provides recommendations for the management of patients requiring invasive procedures in dental practice.

Effect of Intravenously Injected Iodinated Lipid Emulsions on the Liver

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ivancev ◽  
A. Lunderquist ◽  
R. McCuskey ◽  
P. McCuskey ◽  
A. Wretlind
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
In Vivo Microscopy ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Sinusoidal Endothelium

Iodinated lipid emulsions have been shown to have great potential as site specific contrast media for the liver and spleen. Because of unacceptable adverse reactions none of these emulsions has been adopted for clinical use. In an attempt to find an explanation for these adverse reactions we tested three iodinated lipid emulsions, EOE-13, AG 60.99 and AG 66.18. The following models were used: Computed tomography (CT) of the rabbit liver, in vivo microscopy and electron microscopy of the rat liver. The emulsions contained particles of different sizes and were used in varying doses. We found that the larger the emulsion particles, the more likely they were to be taken up by the Kupffer cells and thereby the higher the opacification of the liver achieved at CT. We also observed changes in the microcirculation of the liver when the emulsions were given in doses required to secure satisfactory opacification of the liver at CT. The main changes were 1) a marked increase in the size of the Kupffer cells, and 2) damage to the sinusoidal endothelium, both contributing to sinusoidal congestion. These changes strongly suggest activation of the macrophages and this in turn probably results in the release of toxic mediators. We suspect that the adverse reactions observed in patients when using iodinated lipid emulsions are due to these toxic mediators.

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