The features of GERD pharmacotherapy

The widespread prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in clinical practice makes urgent the issue of therapy. This article describes the clinical manifestations, considers the recommended methods of diagnosis and therapy, including in pediatrics.

Experience of work of the medical aviation of the Pavlodar Regional Ambulance Services Station

In 2016, medical aviation became part of the Pavlodar Regional Ambulance Services Station. In order to improve the quality of the provision of highly specialized medical care, a number of changes have been made to avoid mortality during the transportation phase.

Results of traditional massage therapy for various spine curvations

The causes of spinal curvature can be excessive and uneven carrying of weight on the back, spinal injuries, as well as being immobile for a long time can lead to atrophy of the back muscles. Modern diagnostic methods are very important, but not informative enough. To relieve pain syndrome, muscle spasm, therapeutic massage, acupressure, rubbing, acupuncture, compresses, mineral water, clay therapy, cupping massage are used. All this is widely used, however, unfortunately, there are no studies that explain at what stages of the pathology, which therapy should be preferred. Therefore, in the course of treatment of spinal deformities with traditional massage, research on the quality of life of patients before and after treatment is also needed.

Use of laser technologies in surgical treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia

The use of laser technology in the surgical treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia has recently become widespread and introduced into practice. This area of surgery uses a large range of laser modifications and methods of their application when performing surgical interventions on the prostate. The article discusses laser devices for minimally invasive operations on patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia in comparison with traditional methods of BPH surgical treatment. The advantages of using laser technologies include the reduction of the time of surgical intervention, the decrease in the number of traumatic complications and bleeding, the absence of the damaging effect of the shock wave, the possibility of using it with surgical instruments of the minimum diameter, and the possibility of using it with flexible surgical instruments.

Minimally invasive surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia: causes, forms, and prevention of urinary disorders (literature review)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ranks 4th among all diagnoses in the group of men 50 years of age and older. With an increase in prostate volume of more than 20 cm³, patients develop lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which negatively affect the quality of life of men. Currently, minimally invasive endovideosurgical methods of treating BPH have proven themselves successfully: transurethral resection (TUR) of monopolar or bipolar type, transurethral bipolar enucleation of the prostate (TUEP), holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). However, despite the clinical efficiency of endoscopic operations, the incidence of postoperative complications remains quite significant. After surgical intervention, the main causes of urinary disorders are detrusor overactivity or a decrease in its functional activity, as well as bladder obstruction. Prolonged bladder catheterization in the postoperative period prevents early recovery of independent urination, which is a risk factor for the development of urinary disorders. Stress urinary incontinence has a significant impact on patients, both physically and mentally. For the treatment of postoperative stress urinary incontinence, behavioral therapy, drug treatment of disorders, minimally invasive methods of treatment are used: injections of hyaluronic acid into the submucous layer of the urethra, botulinum toxin into the detrusor, as well as the technique of sacral neuromodulation. Surgical methods include the implantation of a synthetic sphincter or the installation of male sling.

Antibacterial therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The use of drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding remains one of the least studied, but important issues in pharmacology today. When choosing medicinal products during pregnancy, one of the crucial principles is to ensure the safety of the embryo and fetus. Among the generally accepted rules aimed at eliminating fetal risk, a decrease in the dosage of the drug to the lower limit of the therapeutic range is usually named. However, one should take into account the changes that occur in the body of a pregnant woman: the body weight and the volume of circulating blood rise, the excretion of drugs is accelerated (the clearance increases), which, on the contrary, requires an increase in the dosages of individual drugs to maintain therapeutic efficacy. Antibacterial drugs (ABD) are the most difficult group of drugs to use, since they require taking into account not only the mechanism of action of drugs, but also the basics of clinical microbiology. ABD occupy a special place in clinical practice, as they are one of the most frequently prescribed classes of drugs.

The main effects and application of glucocorticosteroids in clinical practice. A multidisciplinary approach

Glucocorticosteroids are hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. The term also refers to semi-synthetic drugs such as prednisolone, dexamethasone and other drugs that are derivatives of hydrocortisone, the most active natural glucocorticosteroid. Cortisone is a biologically inactive compound that is converted to hydrocortisone in the liver. Both natural glucocorticosteroids have mineralocorticoid activity, but weaker than genuine mineralocorticoids.

Morphological aspects of decompensated osteoarthritis

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main causes of reduced mobility in patients of an older age group. The purpose of the research: to study the morphological features of the elements of the synovial environment of the knee joint against the background of decompensated osteoarthritis (OA). Signs of adaptation of the articular cartilage of the condyles of the femur in the form of restructuring of the cartilage tissue were revealed. The processes of replacing the subchondral bone with connective tissue followed by sclerosing, which subsequently led to decompensation of the structures of hyaline cartilage, were also revealed. Destructive-dystrophic processes in the menisci of the knee joint were noted. Collateral ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation in the form of an expansion of the endotendineum interlayers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

P4-medicine in the resort spa treatment of patients after acute circulatory disorders

The formation of the basis for personalized medicine of the future should be based on the prognostic and preventive principles of medicine. The article presents an overview of the information on the method and application of the CME (complex medical expert) analysis. The features of the method, the object domain of its application, its task and methodology are described. The scheme of the options used to increase the efficiency of the method is of interest. The strengths and the shortcomings of the CME analysis noted by experts in the field of its application are given. Results. The authors propose an innovative technology for using the CME model to develop personalized forecasting, preservation, development, and management of health. The advantages of the technology and the urgency of its application are revealed. The new technology is based on the provisions of the development of the theory of the essential adaptation. To ensure the health state, the level of functioning of body systems must be consistent with the optimality, namely with the response norms, which determine the individual phenotype. In the process of the organism adaptation to the conditions of the external environment, the central nervous system and the significant body system (the system with the maximum response norm), which determine the specific and nonspecific responses of the organism, respectively, will be especially active (it is a known fact). Discussion. Dominant systems can actively involve other body systems in the adaptation process by the principle of interaction with them, increasing or decreasing their activity. Taking into account the direction of interaction (inhibition, toning), this fact becomes important for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, their targeted prevention, and treatment. A comprehensive record of the mechanisms of the formation of a specific and nonspecific reaction is used with the aim of identifying and effectively preventing functional disorders in the body. The CME technology of personalized forecasting, preservation, development and health management eliminates the main drawbacks of CME analysis. On the other hand, the CME analysis technology helps to expand the range of its application, depending on the opportunities and threats of the environment. Conclusion. The presented approach will make it possible to optimally use the human potential to maintain a high quality of life and active longevity.

Topical issues of interaction of psychotropic drugs

In mental patients with concomitant somatic pathology, psychotropic drugs are prescribed in combination with other drugs used in the treatment of various somatic diseases. As well as a large number of patients with somatic diseases, they receive therapy aimed at correcting mental disorders. At the same time, it is important to take into account the possibility of cross-influence of such pharmacotherapy on the functions of the central nervous system and internal organs, as well as the peculiarities of drug interactions between drugs. According to the mechanism of development, there are pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of drugs. The result of the interaction of drugs is more often a change in the intensity of the effect of drugs, less often there are qualitative changes in their action. The review article provides up-to-date practical information on the interaction of drugs for the treatment of mental disorders with drugs of other groups.