Fungal infections

2010 ◽  
pp. 998-1018
Author(s):  
Roderick J. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
End To End ◽  
Human Infections

The mycoses are disorders caused by fungi, which are saprophytic or parasitic organisms found in every continent and environment. Many are common commensals in nature, but others cause agricultural disease. The mycoses that are human infections include diseases ranging from those that are worldwide and common, such as dermatophytosis and candida infections, to those that are rare and often potentially life threatening, e.g. histoplasmosis. In humans, fungi usually adopt one of two morphologies: (1) the yeast form—where individual cells produce daughter cells by a process of budding and subsequently separate; or (2) the hyphal form—where cells do not separate but multiply to produce chains of cells joined end to end....

Fungal infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 1338-1358
Author(s):  
Roderick J. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Yeast Form ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
End To End ◽  
Human Infections

The mycoses are disorders caused by fungi, which are saprophytic or parasitic organisms found in every continent and environment. Many are common commensals in nature, but others cause agricultural disease. The mycoses that are human infections include diseases ranging from those that are worldwide and common, such as dermatophytosis and candida infections, to those that are rare and often potentially life-threatening (e.g. histoplasmosis). In humans, fungi usually adopt one of two morphologies: (1) the yeast form—where individual cells produce daughter cells by a process of budding and subsequently separate; or (2) the hyphal form—where cells do not separate but multiply to produce chains of cells joined end to end.

K3-EDTA differentially inhibits the growth of Candida strains according to their azole resistance status

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-520
Author(s):  
Damien Dupont ◽  
Pauline Tirard-Collet ◽  
Florence Persat ◽  
Jean Menotti ◽  
Emilie Josse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Sample Tube ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Incubation Duration ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Candida Infections

Abstract The diagnosis of the life-threatening invasive Candida infections is mainly established using culture of specimens that might be collected on different devices including ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-coated tubes. Despite the knowledge that EDTA inhibits bacterial cultures, and its use to treat oral fungal infections, its impact on Candida cultures has not been completely assessed. This study aimed at assessing it on azole-resistant and azole-susceptible strains. Clinical and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains for Candida albicans (CA), C. glabrata (CGS), C. krusei (CK), azole-susceptible and azole-resistant strains of C. glabrata (CGS and CGR), C. lipolytica (CL), and C. inconspicua (CI) were characterized using MALDI-TOF MS and susceptibility testing and then incubated (1) with serial dilutions of tripotassic EDTA (0%–500% of the concentration in a sample tube) for 2 hours before plating onto ChromID Can2 agar; (2) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 7, or 8 hours at EDTA concentrations at 20% and 33% before seeding; and (3) with sodium citrate or lithium heparinate instead of EDTA for 2 hours before plating. After 48 hours at 35°C, colony-forming units were automatically quantified. An inhibitory effect of EDTA was observed, at different concentrations, for CA (20%), CGS (100%), and CGR (500%) (P < .05), but none was observed for CL, CI, and CK. The effect increased with incubation duration, at a faster rate for azole-susceptible strains. K3-EDTA inhibits Candida growth and EDTA-coated tubes should not be used for mycological culture-based analyses. The correlation between EDTA inhibition and Candida azole-resistance offers perspectives for the development of selective agar and new antifungal strategies.

scholarly journals Invasive Candida Infections in the ICU: Diagnosis and Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Hankovszky ◽  
Domokos Társy ◽  
Nándor Öveges ◽  
Zsolt Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Current Guidelines

AbstractInvasive fungal infections have become a serious problem in the critically ill. One of the main reasons is the development of an immunocompromised condition. The most frequently found pathogens are Candida species. In order to provide adequate treatment, understanding this potentially life-threatening infection is mandatory. The aim of this summary is to view Candida infections from a different perspective and to give an overview on epidemiology, the range of pathophysiology from colonization to the invasive infections, and its impact on mortality. New therapeutic options will also be discussed and how these relate to current guidelines. Finally, the key issue of the choice of antifungal agents will be evaluated.

Potential of Nanoparticles in Combating Candida Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Abul Qais ◽  
Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Safar Althubiani
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Made In

Aims: The aim of this review is to survey the recent progress made in developing the nanoparticles as antifungal agents especially the nano-based formulations being exploited for the management of Candida infections. Discussion: In the last few decades, there has been many-fold increase in fungal infections including candidiasis due to the increased number of immunocompromised patients worldwide. The efficacy of available antifungal drugs is limited due to its associated toxicity and drug resistance in clinical strains. The recent advancements in nanobiotechnology have opened a new hope for the development of novel formulations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved drug delivery and low toxicity. Conclusion: Metal nanoparticles have shown to possess promising in vitro antifungal activities and could be effectively used for enhanced and targeted delivery of conventionally used drugs. The synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and various antifungal agents have also been reported with enhanced antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Reinforcing the Immunocompromised Host Defense against Fungi: Progress beyond the Current State of the Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Georgios Karavalakis ◽  
Evangelia Yannaki ◽  
Anastasia Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Cell Immunotherapy ◽  
Life Threatening

Despite the availability of a variety of antifungal drugs, opportunistic fungal infections still remain life-threatening for immunocompromised patients, such as those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation. Suboptimal efficacy, toxicity, development of resistant variants and recurrent episodes are limitations associated with current antifungal drug therapy. Adjunctive immunotherapies reinforcing the host defense against fungi and aiding in clearance of opportunistic pathogens are continuously gaining ground in this battle. Here, we review alternative approaches for the management of fungal infections going beyond the state of the art and placing an emphasis on fungus-specific T cell immunotherapy. Harnessing the power of T cells in the form of adoptive immunotherapy represents the strenuous protagonist of the current immunotherapeutic approaches towards combating invasive fungal infections. The progress that has been made over the last years in this field and remaining challenges as well, will be discussed.

Systemic Diseases Associated with Nasal Symptoms

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy A. Settipane
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Nasal Symptoms ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Careful History

Many systemic diseases are associated with nasal symptoms, Rhinitis associated with asthma is probably the most common with leprosy and fungal infections being the rarest. A careful history and nasal examination in a patient with rhinitis may lead to the discovery of more significant systemic diseases. Proper treatment of systemic disease will often cure or improve the associated rhinitis. Similarly, appropriate treatment of the rhinitis/sinusitis may reduce systemic complaints such as asthma. At times, identification of the cause of rhinitis as in CSF rhinorrhea, Wegeners’ syndrome, etc., alerts one to a life-threatening entity. Thus, it is apparent that the nose is an excellent mirror of some systemic diseases and identifying and understanding the differential diagnosis of nasal symptoms may be a tremendous help in diagnosing the disease and treating the whole patient.

scholarly journals The p47phox mouse knock-out model of chronic granulomatous disease.

1995 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Jackson ◽  
J I Gallin ◽  
S M Holland
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Chronic Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Granulomatous Disease ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Phagocyte Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Life Threatening

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by a congenital defect in phagocyte reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase production of superoxide and related species. It is characterized by recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections and tissue granuloma formation. We have created a mouse model of CGD by targeted disruption of p47phox, one of the genes in which mutations cause human CGD. Identical to the case in human CGD, leukocytes from p47phox-/- mice produced no superoxide and killed staphylococci ineffectively. p47phox-/- mice developed lethal infections and granulomatous inflammation similar to those encountered in human CGD patients. This model mirrors human CGD and confirms a critical role for the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in mammalian host defense.

Recent advances in the treatment of life-threatening, invasive fungal infections

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 2361-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H Drew ◽  
Mary L Townsend ◽  
Melanie W Pound ◽  
Steven W Johnson ◽  
John R Perfect
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Life Threatening

scholarly journals Nodular Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis due to Medicopsis romeroi in an Immunocompetent Patient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Deshkar ◽  
Niranjan Patil ◽  
Ashish Lad ◽  
Shraddha Amberkar ◽  
Swati Sharan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungus ◽  
Dorsum Of Foot ◽  
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Organ Tropism

Fungal infections like subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis are uncommon but are increasing lately, especially in tropical regions like India. Identification of correct aetiologic agent is essential as different species can have different organ tropism. Here, a rare case of nodular subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in an immunocompetent 62-year-old male patient who developed nodule over right dorsum of foot is reported. After various diagnostic tests a rare dematiaceous fungus Medicopsis romeroi was identified as a causative agent in the nodular material by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequencing. Surgical excision and antifungal therapy of itraconazole proved beneficial with no recurrence during a six months of follow-up. Medicopsis romeroi has been debated for its role in human infections however, it should be considered as one of the aetiologic agents of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis.

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