What is a Concussion?

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
David L Brody
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Lab Test ◽  
The Brain

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury, but not an immediately life threatening one. A traumatic brain injury occurs when a sudden force is applied to the brain from outside. But not every force causes a concussion. In fact, most do not. The scalp, skull, and dura do a pretty good job protecting our brains from most of what happens to us on a daily basis. A traumatic brain injury means that the force applied to the brain caused a disruption in the brain’s structure, an impairment of the brain’s function, or both. A CT scan or an MRI scan may be negative, but this does not mean that there has not been a concussion. Traumatic brain injury, especially concussion, is a clinical diagnosis, not based on any lab test or scan. Typically, patients with concussion have Glasgow Coma Scale between 13 and 15.

scholarly journals KORELASI DIAMETER SELUBUNG NERVUS OPTIK DAN MARSHALL CT SCORE DENGAN SKALA KOMA GLASGOW PADA CEDERA KEPALA

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Maria Yogipranata ◽  
Hermina Sukmani
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter ◽  
Optic Nerve Sheath ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Nerve Sheath

CORRELATION BETWEEN OPTIC NERVE SHEATH DIAMETER AND MARSHALL CT SCORE WITH GLASGOW COMA SCALE IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURYABSTRACTIntroduction: In traumatic brain injury (TBI), non-contrast brain CT scan is able to detect an increase in intracranial pressure, which is crucial in patient’s management. Optic nerve sheath diameter’s (ONSD) measurement is a new method that is expected to assess an increase in intracranial pressure noninvasively. Marshall CT score is a valid instrument, a de facto standard to classify head injury patient which correlates with an increased intracranial pressure.Aims: To see the correlation between ONSD and Marshall CT score with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).Methods: This was a retrospective, analytic observational with cross-sectional research’s design taken from the patients’ medical record admitted in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, between March-August 2017. Measurement of ONSD and Marshall CT score were done by a radiologist. Rank Spearman’s were used to assess the correlation between variables.Results: There were 34 subjects, the majority were man (67,6%), with highest incidents in less than 30 years age (41,2%) and mostly caused by accident  (76,4%). Statistical analysis showed a moderate negative degree correlation between ONSD and Marshall CT score with GCS.Discussion: Enlargement of ONSD and higher Marshall CT score were correlated negatively related with the GCSin TBI patients with increased intracranial pressure.Keywords: Glasgow Coma Scale, Marshall CT score, optic nerve sheath diameter’s, traumatic brain injuryABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Pada cedera kepala atau traumatic brain injury (TBI), penggunaan CT scan kepala tanpa kontras dapat mendeteksi tanda-tanda peningkatan tekanan intrakranial (TIK), yang penting bagi tata laksana pasien. Sementara pengukuran diameter optic nerve sheath yang disebut optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) merupakan metode baru yang diharapkan dapat menilai peningkatan tekanan intrakranial secara non-invasif. Marshall CT score merupakan instrumen valid dan menjadi standar de facto dalam mengklasifikasikan pasien cedera kepala yang berkorelasi dengan peningkatan TIK.Tujuan: Untuk melihat adanya korelasi antara diameter N. Optikus dan Marshall CT score dengan Skala KomaGlasgow (Glasgow Coma Scale/GCS).Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional retrospektif secara potong lintang dari data rekam medis pasien cedera kepala dewasa yang dirawat di RSUP Prof. Dr. Kariadi, Semarang, pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2017. Selanjutnya kesemua subjek dilakukan pengukuran ONSD pada kedua mata serta penilaian Marshall CT score oleh seorang spesialis radiologi. Dilakukan uji korelasi Rank Spearman’s untuk menilai ketiga parameter tersebut.Hasil: Terdapat 34 subjek yang terutama laki-laki (67,6%) dengan usia terbanyak <30 tahun (41,2%) dan penyebab terbanyak adalah kecelakaan (76,4%). Didapatkan korelasi negatif derajat sedang antara ONSD dan Marshall CT score dengan GCS.Diskusi: Peningkatan diameter optic nerve sheath dan Marshall CT score berkorelasi dengan penurunan skor GCSpada pasien cedera kepala yang mengalami peningkatan TIK.Kata kunci: Cedera kepala, diameter optic nerve sheath, Marshall CT score, Skala Koma Glasgow

scholarly journals Correlation of Computed Tomography findings with Glasgow Coma Scale in patients with acute traumatic brain injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
SK Sah ◽  
ND Subedi ◽  
K Poudel ◽  
M Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Midline Shift ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Gcs Score

OBJECTIVE To correlate Computed Tomography (CT) findings with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in patients with acute traumatic brain injury attending in Chitwan Medical College teaching hospital Chitwan, Nepal.MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among 50 patients of acute (less than24 hours) cases of craniocerebral trauma over a period of four months. The patient’s level of consciousness (GCS) was determined and a brain CT scan without contrast media was performed. A sixth generation General Electric (GE) CT scan was utilized and 5mm and 10mm sections were obtained for infratentorial and supratentorial parts respectively.RESULT The age range of the patients was 1 to 75 years (mean age 35.6± 21.516 years) and male: female ratio was 3.1:1. The most common causes of head injury were road traffic accident (RTA) (60%), fall injury (20%), physical assault (12%) and pedestrian injuries (8%). The distribution of patients in accordance with consciousness level was found to be 54% with mild TBI (GCS score 12 to 14), 28% with moderate TBI (GCS score 11 to 8) and 18% with severe TBI (GCS score less than 7). The presence of mixed lesions and midline shift regardless of the underlying lesion on CT scan was accompanied by lower GCS.CONCLUSION The presence of mixed lesions and midline shift regardless of the underlying lesion on CT scan were accompanied with lower GCS. Patients having single lesion had more GCS level than mixed level and mid line shift type of injury.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol.10(2); 4-9

scholarly journals Correlation of Glasgow Coma Scale with Non-Contrast Computed Tomography findings in immediate post traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Basudev Agrawal ◽  
Rupesh Verma
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Gcs Score

Background: This study was undertaken to correlate Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score with Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) findings in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) attending tertiary care Shree Narayana Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 100 patients of acute traumatic head injury (those presenting to hospital within 24 hours of injury) over a period of six months. The patient’s GCS score was determined and NCCT Brain scan was performed in each case immediately (within 30 minutes) after presenting to casualty of the hospital. A 16 slice siemens Somatom CT scan was utilized and 5mm and 10mm sections were obtained for infratentorial and supratentorial parts respectively.Results: The age range of the patients was 0 to 76 years and male: female ratio was 2.85:1. Younger age group was more commonly involved, with 61% of cases seen in 11-40 years of age group. The most common causes of head injury were road traffic accident (RTA) (65%) and fall from height (25%). The distribution of patients in accordance with GCS was found to be 55% with mild TBI (GCS 12 to 14), 25% with moderate TBI (GCS 11 to 8) and 20% with severe TBI (GCS 7 or less).Conclusions: The presence of multiple lesions and midline shift on CT scan were accompanied with lower GCS, whereas patients having single lesion had more GCS level. There was significant correlation between GCS and NCCT findings in immediate post TBI.

What Is a Concussion?

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
David L. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury, but not an immediately life-threatening one. A traumatic brain injury means that a sudden force has been applied to the brain from outside. But not every force causes a concussion. In fact, most do not. The scalp, skull, and dura do a pretty good job protecting our brains from most of what happens to us on a daily basis. A traumatic brain injury means that the force applied to the brain caused a disruption in the brain’s structure, an impairment of the brain’s function, or both. Just because a computed tomography (CT) scan, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, or a blood test is negative does not mean that there has not been a concussion. Traumatic brain injury, especially concussion, is a clinical diagnosis, not based on any laboratory test or scan. Typically, patients with concussion have Glasgow Coma Scores between 13 and 15.

scholarly journals What are the strongest indicators of intracerebral hemorrhage in mild traumatic brain injury?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000717
Author(s):  
Panu Teeratakulpisarn ◽  
Phati Angkasith ◽  
Thanakorn Wannakul ◽  
Parichat Tanmit ◽  
Supatcha Prasertcharoensuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundAlthough there are eight factors known to indicate a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), identification of the strongest of these factors may optimize the utility of brain CT in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of ICH based on baseline characteristics/mode of injury, indications for brain CT, and a combination of both to determine the strongest indicator.MethodsThis was a descriptive, retrospective, analytical study. The inclusion criteria were diagnosis of mild TBI, high risk of ICH, and having undergone a CT scan of the brain. The outcome of the study was any type of ICH. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to find the strongest predictors according to three models: (1) injury pattern and baseline characteristics, (2) indications for CT scan of the brain, and (3) a combination of models 1 and 2.ResultsThere were 100 patients determined to be at risk of ICH based on indications for CT of the brain in patients with acute head injury. Of these, 24 (24.00%) had ICH. Model 1 found that injury due to motor vehicle crash was a significant predictor of ICH, with an adjusted OR (95% CI) of 11.53 (3.05 to 43.58). Models 2 and 3 showed Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13 to 14 after 2 hours of observation and open skull or base of skull fracture to be independent predictors, with adjusted OR (95% CI) of 11.77 (1.32 to 104.96) and 5.88 (1.08 to 31.99) according to model 2.DiscussionOpen skull or base of skull fracture and GCS score of 13 to 14 after 2 hours of observation were the two strongest predictors of ICH in mild TBI.Level of evidenceIII.

scholarly journals Modulated Neuroprotection in Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Cristina Daia ◽  
Cristian Scheau ◽  
Aura Spinu ◽  
Ioana Andone ◽  
Cristina Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Neuroprotective Treatment ◽  
Gcs Score

Background: We aimed to assess the effects of modulated neuroprotection with intermittent administration in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 60 patients divided into two groups, with and without neuroprotective treatment with Actovegin, Cerebrolysin, pyritinol, L-phosphothreonine, L-glutamine, hydroxocobalamin, alpha-lipoic acid, carotene, DL-α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, Q 10 coenzyme, and L-carnitine alongside standard treatment. Main outcome measures: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) after TBI, Extended Glasgow Coma Scale (GOS E), Disability Rankin Scale (DRS), Functional Independence Measurement (FIM), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), all assessed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after TBI. Results: Patients receiving neuroprotective treatment recovered more rapidly from UWS than controls (p = 0.007) passing through a state of minimal consciousness and gradually progressing until the final evaluation (p = 0.000), towards a high cognitive level MOCA = 22 ± 6 points, upper moderate disability GOS-E = 6 ± 1, DRS = 6 ± 4, and an assisted gait, FIM =101 ± 25. The improvement in cognitive and physical functioning was strongly correlated with lower UWS duration (−0.8532) and higher GCS score (0.9803). Conclusion: Modulated long-term neuroprotection may be the therapeutic key for patients to overcome UWS after severe TBI.

Identifying Posttraumatic Amnesia in Individuals With a Glasgow Coma Scale of 15 After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Meares ◽  
E. Arthur Shores ◽  
Tracy Smyth ◽  
Jennifer Batchelor ◽  
Margaret Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Coma Scale ◽  
Posttraumatic Amnesia
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