Red Cell Transfusion in Critically Ill Patients

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Surgical Critical Care ◽  
Red Cell Transfusion ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study in surgical critical care known as the TRICC trial. When should patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with anemia receive red cell transfusions? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case about a red cell transfusion for a critically ill patient.

Early versus Late Tracheostomy for Intubated Patients

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Early Tracheostomy ◽  
Surgical Critical Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in surgical critical care. Does early tracheostomy reduce mortality in ventilated critically ill patients? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case on discussing the option of a tracheostomy with the family of a critically ill patient.

A Protocol of No Sedation for Critically Ill Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Ulrich Schmidt ◽  
Zeb McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Daily Interruption ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study known as a protocol of no sedation for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomized trial. Can duration of mechanical ventilation be reduced with a protocol of no sedation versus daily interruption of sedation? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. Understanding that not all patients receiving mechanical ventilation require sedation is an important first step to determining the best regimen.

Reducing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Safety Initiative ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study known as the Keystone ICU Project. Can rates of catheter-related bloodstream infections be reduced by implementing a safety initiative involving five simple infection-control measures by intensive care unit (ICU) staff? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case on reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU.

50 Studies Every Surgeon Should Know

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
Surgical Critical Care ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

50 Studies Every Surgeon Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of surgery. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics including: vascular, colorectal, bariatric, abdominal, hernial, and endocrine surgery, surgical outcomes, surgical oncology, trauma and surgical critical care, and studies of historical interest. Each chapter describes the basics of a landmark study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. It then briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Femoral versus Subclavian Central Lines in Critically Ill Patients

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Line Placement ◽  
Surgical Critical Care ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in surgical critical care. With respect to infection, bleeding, and thrombosis, do femoral central lines cause more complications than subclavian lines? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case on central line placement for a patient.

Early Goal-Directed Therapy in Sepsis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Goal Directed Therapy ◽  
Early Goal Directed Therapy ◽  
Surgical Critical Care ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in surgical critical care. Does immediate recognition and management of sepsis improve outcomes? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, year study began, year study was published, study location, who was studied, who was excluded, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case about treating a patient who presents to the emergency room with sepsis with early goal-directed therapy.

Comparison of 8 versus 15 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Adults

2018 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Laurie O. Mark ◽  
Jean Kwo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark study “Comparison of 8 versus 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial.” In adult patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), is treatment with an 8-day course of antimicrobials as effective as a 15-day course? Starting with that question, the chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. In ICU patients who develop microbiologically proven VAP, an 8-day antimicrobial course is not inferior to a 15-day course with respect to all-cause mortality or recurrence of pulmonary infection. However, these findings may not apply to patients who are immunocompromised, and shorter or longer duration of antibiotics may sometimes be indicated.

The Canadian Cardiac Randomized Evaluation of Antidepressant and Psychotherapy Efficacy (CREATE) Trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Gupta ◽  
Catherine Chiles
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Interpersonal Therapy ◽  
Randomized Evaluation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Overall Health Status ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in psychiatry in primary care to mediate the effect of depression on overall health status . In the treatment of patients with major depression and coronary artery disease, what is the short-term efficacy of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) and/or interpersonal therapy? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Cognitive Therapy versus Medication in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barron ◽  
Robert Ostroff
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on major depressive disorder. Is paroxetine or cognitive therapy more effective in treating patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Behavioral and/or Pharmacotherapy for Older Patients with Insomnia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross ◽  
Rajesh R. Tampi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Longterm Treatment ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study on short and longterm treatment of insomnia. Should older patients with insomnia be managed with cognitive behavioral therapy, benzodiazepines, or both? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case. The study shows that bensodiazepines and cognitive behavioral therapy are equally effective for shorterm treatment of insomnia in otherwise healthy elderly participants but cognitive behavioral therapy is far more effective for longterm treatment of insomnia.

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